In this episode, I had the privilege of speaking with Dr. Jessica Thompson, a paleoanthropologist whose work explores the evolution of early humans and the environments that shaped them. We began our conversation by grounding ourselves in the vast timescales of human evolution—discussing milestones like upright walking, brain expansion, and the emergence of symbolic behavior. Jessica’s ability to place cultural shifts, like the invention of fire or the expansion of human cooperation, into their evolutionary and ecological context made me feel like I was stepping outside of time itself to watch our species slowly become what it is today.

We explored how things like diet, social systems, and childhood have not only evolved but co-evolved with our bodies and brains, shaping everything from how long we live to how we educate each other. One of the most eye-opening moments for me was understanding how the very structure of human childhood—long, protected, and skill-based—makes our complex societies and technologies possible. We also tackled deep questions like: why do humans ask if they should have children? Why do we perform altruistic acts at the expense of our own survival? And is a pristine landscape ever truly untouched by human influence?