In this episode, I talk with David Raichlen, an evolutionary anthropologist whose research explores the intersection of movement, brain health, and human evolution. We unpack how our species’ deep history of physical activity—from hunting and foraging to long-distance migration—has shaped the structure and function of our brains. David walks us through his findings on why aerobic exercise is so strongly linked to improved cognitive function and how these effects may have evolved as adaptations in our ancestors. He shares compelling data from studies involving hunter-gatherers, marathon runners, and even university students navigating daily stress, offering insight into the complex feedback loops between body and brain.

We also dive into how modern sedentary lifestyles are mismatched with our evolutionary biology, potentially contributing to rising rates of anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. David explains the physiological and neurochemical rewards of movement, including changes in the endocannabinoid system and default mode network, and how these mechanisms may have supported focus, learning, and social cohesion in early humans. We touch on the practical implications of this work for education, public health, and aging—how reintroducing physical activity into our daily routines might be one of the simplest, most effective ways to support lifelong brain health.

Curious why a walk can clear your mind or why exercise boosts your creativity? This conversation uncovers the evolutionary story behind those experiences and makes a strong case for movement as a fundamental part of what it means to be human.