Psychosocial Integrity for NCLEX: Abuse, Suicide Risk, and Therapeutic Communication

00:00 – Welcome to Think Like a Nurse

Host intro: Brooke Wallace – ICU nurse, organ transplant coordinator, clinical instructor, published author

Mission: Make complex nursing topics easier to understand, absorb, and apply

Why psychosocial integrity matters: only ~6–12% of the licensing exam, but extremely high-stakes

Focus: safety, ethics, crisis management, communication, culture, cognition, and end-of-life care

Abuse and Neglect: Report Suspicion, Not Proof

Mandatory reporting laws: the key rule → “Report suspicion, not proof.”

The nurse is not a detective; the duty starts at reasonable suspicion

Biggest mistake: waiting, “investigating,” or hoping it doesn’t happen again

Red flags: unexplained bruises, stories that don’t match, fearful or withdrawn client, possible trafficking

Classic NCLEX-style scenario:

Child with spiral fracture, twisting mechanism, terrified of parent → immediate report

Managing Aggression and Restraints: Least to Most Restrictive

Behavioral hierarchy: always least restrictive to most restrictive

Start with: verbal de-escalation, limit setting, behavioral contracts, CPI techniques

When restraints are used:

Only for immediate safety

One-to-one observation required

Safety checks every 15 minutes (skin, circulation, comfort)

Provider order within 1 hour

RN responsibilities vs. UAP:

RN: assess, decide on restraints, re-evaluate need

UAP: may be delegated to sit one-to-one and perform 15-minute safety checks per policy

Substance Use: Alcohol Withdrawal vs. Opioid Withdrawal

High-risk withdrawals: alcohol vs. opioids

Alcohol withdrawal (especially DTs) → can be fatal

Patho: loss of GABA “brakes” → CNS hyperdrive, seizures, autonomic instability

Opioid withdrawal → miserable but rarely fatal

Nausea, vomiting, pain, anxiety

Priority sequence in suspected alcohol withdrawal:

Give thiamine and glucose first to prevent Wernicke–Korsakoff

Then treat withdrawal with benzodiazepines

Tools mentioned: CIWA for alcohol, COWS for opioids

NCLEX scenario: client with DTs seeing bugs/spiders on the wall → safety + benzos

Suicide Risk and Crisis Intervention

Rule #1: Suicide risk is always the priority

Crisis basics: usually time-limited (~6–8 weeks) → aim is return to pre-crisis functioning

Steps: assess lethality and safety → stabilize → support understanding → build coping alternatives

Suicide precautions: one-to-one observation, remove sharps, no cords/belts, environment safety check

These interventions protect both the patient and your license

Coping Mechanisms, Defense Mechanisms, and Communication

Adaptive vs. maladaptive coping

Common defense mechanisms: denial, regression, projection, displacement, rationalization

Example:

Patient says “I’m fine” after a devastating diagnosis → denial

Patient insists “All the nurses hate me, they’re trying to mess up my recovery” → projection

Therapeutic response:

Do not argue with content or delusion

Name and validate the feeling underneath:

“It sounds like you feel like people are working against you right now.”

Cultural Humility and Spiritual Care (LEARN + FICA)

LEARN model:

L – Listen to the client’s perspective

E – Explain your perception

A – Acknowledge differences and similarities

R – Recommend treatment

N – Negotiate a plan together

Key cultural examples:

Jehovah’s Witness → refusal of blood products

Some Hispanic families → strong family involvement in decisions

Muslim clients → modesty, gender concordance if possible

Herbal tea/folk remedies: assess safety and interactions, don’t reflexively say no

FICA framework for spiritual assessment: Faith, Importance, Community, Address in care

Therapeutic Communication: The Most Tested Skill

Goal: build trust and keep the focus on the client’s emotions

What works:

Broad openings (“Tell me more about…”)

Reflection, paraphrasing, clarifying

Open-ended questions

Feeling-focused statements

Example after miscarriage:

Avoid: “It’ll be okay.”

Use: “This is so painful. Tell me what you’re feeling right now.”

What to avoid (communication blocks):

False reassurance (“Don’t worry, everything will be fine.”)

Giving advice

Changing the subject

“Why” questions (makes clients defensive)

58:00 – Cognition, Validation, and End-of-Life Care

Distinguishing:

Delirium – acute, fluctuating, often reversible, worsens at night (sundowning)

Dementia – chronic, progressive decline

Depression – may mimic dementia (pseudodementia), associated with SIG E CAPS–type symptoms

Alzheimer’s example:

“I want to go home.” → use validation (“It sounds like you miss home. Tell me about it.”)

Reserve reorientation for acute delirium

Hospice vs. palliative care:

Hospice: comfort care with limited prognosis, no curative treatment

Palliative: symptom management and quality of life, can occur alongside curative care

Kubler–Ross stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Physical signs of impending death: mottling, cool extremities, breathing pattern changes

Family questions about “how long”: focus on listening, fear, and comfort rather than specific timelines

Normal vs. complicated grief: function vs. long-term inability to function (e.g., widowed person still unable to leave home after years)

High-Yield Psychosocial Recap (Top 5 Takeaways)

Therapeutic communication is key – focus on feelings, open-ended questions, no false reassurance.

Abuse and neglect – report on suspicion, don’t wait, don’t investigate independently.

Suicide risk is always priority number one – one-to-one observation and environmental safety.

Alcohol withdrawal can kill – give thiamine and glucose first, then treat with benzodiazepines.

Cultural humility – use frameworks like LEARN to negotiate a care plan that respects the patient’s values and beliefs.

Need to reach out? Send an email to Brooke at [email protected]