Ray Dolby (January 18, 1933 – September 12, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor whose name became synonymous with pristine sound. Born in Portland, Oregon, Dolby’s fascination with audio began early, playing piano and clarinet while tinkering with sound technology as a teenager. At just 16, he joined Ampex Corporation, where he played a key role in developing the first practical videotape recorder in 1956. After earning a B.S. in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1957 and a Ph.D. in physics from Cambridge University in 1961 as a Marshall Scholar, Dolby’s passion for clear sound led him to found Dolby Laboratories in London in 1965.

That same year, he invented the Dolby noise-reduction system (Dolby NR), a groundbreaking technology that eliminated the distracting tape hiss plaguing analog recordings, transforming music production and playback for artists and listeners alike. His innovation became a standard in cassette tapes and recording studios, adopted by major labels like Decca, RCA, and MCA. Dolby didn’t stop there—he revolutionized film sound, tackling optical soundtrack noise with Dolby Stereo, first used in *A Clockwork Orange* (1971) and later in iconic films like *Star Wars* (1977). By the 1990s, his Dolby Digital surround sound, debuted in *Batman Returns* (1992), set the standard for immersive cinema experiences, now ubiquitous in theaters, DVDs, and streaming.

Holding over 50 U.S. patents, Dolby’s innovations earned him numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards for Scientific and Technical Achievement, multiple Emmys, a Grammy, and the National Medal of Technology from President Clinton in 1997. A philanthropist, he left £120 million to Cambridge University, funding the Ray Dolby Centre for physics research. Dolby died in 2013 at 80 in San Francisco, leaving a legacy that continues to shape how we experience sound in music, film, and beyond.

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