The provided sources explore the maverick tradition in the philosophy of mathematics, challenging conventional views of its nature and purpose. They discuss Ruben Hersh's humanist perspective, which argues that mathematics is a human and cultural activity, not an abstract, timeless truth. The text also introduces Carlo Cellucci's counter-arguments, particularly his concept of "analytic proof," which contrasts with Hersh's focus on deductive proof by emphasizing ampliative reasoning and the process of discovery. This leads to a distinction between "normal" and "revolutionary" mathematics, highlighting the evolving and inexhaustible nature of the field. Ultimately, the discussion redefines mathematical proof from a quest for absolute certainty to a means of explanation and understanding, acknowledging the vital role of human creativity and intuition, even using diagrams as a valid part of mathematical reasoning.

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