This compilation of texts, primarily excerpts from Peter Kropotkin's "Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution," argues against the prevailing Darwinist interpretation of "struggle for existence" as solely individual competition. Kropotkin asserts that mutual aid and cooperation are equally, if not more, significant factors in the evolution of species, both animal and human. He supports this by presenting numerous observations of cooperative behavior across various animal species, from insects to mammals, and tracing the historical development of mutual aid institutions in human societies, including ancient tribal structures, village communities, and medieval guilds. The author highlights how these collective efforts fostered well-being, progress, and societal strength, suggesting that humanity's ethical foundations are deeply rooted in this principle of mutual support. The text ultimately advocates for a re-evaluation of history and sociology to acknowledge the profound and often overlooked role of cooperation in societal development.

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