Gaslighting is a form of emotional abuse where one person manipulates another into doubting their sanity and perception of reality. The gaslighter insists on a version of events or feelings that contradicts what the other person knows to be true. This manipulation can erode the victim's confidence in their memory, thoughts, and sense of self.

Gaslighting can occur in various relationships, including romantic partnerships, family interactions, and professional environments. Common tactics involve the gaslighter denying the victim's feelings or experiences, criticizing them to undermine their confidence, and distorting the truth to fit their own narrative.

There are different types of gaslighters. Glamour Gaslighters use charm and special gestures to distract from their abusive behavior. Good-Guy Gaslighters appear supportive but subtly undermine the victim's reality. Intimidator Gaslighters use overt unpleasant behavior.

The process often progresses through stages. In Stage 1, the victim is confused and tries to reason with the gaslighter. In Stage 2, the victim begins to doubt their own perceptions and tries to align with the gaslighter to seek approval. Stage 3 is characterized by the victim internalizing the gaslighter's negative views and experiencing depression and a loss of self.

The effects of gaslighting can be profound, leading to confusion, anxiety, diminished self-esteem, social isolation, difficulty making decisions, and a sense of losing one's identity. Victims may start lying to avoid the gaslighter's put-downs and reality distortions.

Overcoming gaslighting involves recognizing the manipulative dynamic, validating one's own feelings and reality, setting firm boundaries, and, in some cases, ending the relationship. It requires shifting focus from seeking the gaslighter's approval to trusting one's own inner sense of truth and worth.