Here is a summary of the prophecies for each son:

Reuben: As the firstborn, Reuben was endowed with strength and dignity. However, because of his instability and sexual indiscretion with his father's concubine, he would not excel or maintain his birthright, according to WordPress.com.
Simeon and Levi: These two brothers are noted for their violence, particularly in avenging their sister Dinah's defilement. Jacob predicts their scattering throughout Israel, a prophecy that was fulfilled as Simeon's tribe was absorbed into Judah's territory, and the Levites were scattered throughout the land to serve as priests.
Judah: Prophecies for Judah point towards his ascendancy and the establishment of a lasting dynasty. He's compared to a lion, and the prophecy mentions that the "scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come". This is widely interpreted as a messianic prophecy, indicating that the Messiah, a figure of peace and authority (Shiloh), would come through the lineage of Judah.
Zebulun: Prophecies mention Zebulun dwelling by the sea, becoming a "haven of ships".
Issachar: He is described as a strong donkey, a metaphor suggesting the tribe would be hardworking and potentially subservient.
Dan: Dan is predicted to judge his people and be a serpent that bites at the horse's heels.
Gad: Gad is prophesied to be attacked by raiders but to triumph in the end.
Asher: Asher's blessing foretells a rich and prosperous land, yielding royal delicacies.
Naphtali: Naphtali is compared to a hind let loose, speaking "goodly words".
Joseph: Joseph receives an extensive blessing, emphasizing his fruitfulness, resilience in the face of adversity, and the blessings bestowed upon him by God.
Half Tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh
Benjamin: Benjamin is described as a ravenous wolf, highlighting the tribe's courage and fierceness.

These prophecies hold significant theological importance, demonstrating God's continued involvement in the lives of His people and revealing aspects of His future plans, including the coming of the Messiah..the promised seed of the woman.

Genesis 3:15

15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel