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Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, damages egg and sperm cells by disrupting their cellular structures and functions. In eggs, excessive ROS can impair oocyte quality, damaging mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and lipids, which reduces developmental competence and increases the risk of embryonic failure. In sperm, oxidative stress causes lipid peroxidation of the plasma membrane, DNA fragmentation, and reduced motility, leading to decreased fertility. To mitigate this, adopting a diet rich in antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E, selenium, and zinc) can neutralize ROS. Lifestyle changes like reducing smoking, limiting alcohol, and avoiding environmental toxins help. Regular exercise, stress management, and maintaining a healthy weight also enhance antioxidant defenses, improving reproductive cell quality.