The provided text offers a comprehensive overview of biotechnology's role in medical diagnostics, emphasizing its evolution from foundational techniques to cutting-edge platforms. It categorizes these advancements into nucleic acid-based methods like PCR and next-generation sequencing, immunoassay-based platforms such as ELISA and Western blotting, and miniaturized systems including microarrays and biosensors. The sources further explore frontier technologies like CRISPR-based diagnostics, liquid biopsy for cancer detection, and the integration of artificial intelligence for data analysis. Throughout, the discussion highlights the clinical applications of these technologies across infectious diseases, oncology, and genetic disorders, while also addressing the regulatory oversight by bodies like the FDA and the complex ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic information.

Research done with the help of artificial intelligence, and presented by two AI-generated hosts.