Dr. Pascal Lee, planetary scientist, Arctic field explorer, and professor at the International Space University.

He’s spent his life between two extremes, the frozen frontiers of the Arctic and the conceptual edges of space exploration. Few people connect fieldwork, engineering, and philosophy like Pascal does.

What We Talk About

This episode begins on the Moon — and ends light-years away.

• Why the real space race isn’t who returns first, but who stays and builds.
• The illusion of lunar gold: why water at the South Pole might be a scientific curiosity, not a resource economy.
• Clavius Crater — and why this quiet spot near the lunar south is Pascal’s pick for humanity’s first real home off-world.
• When exploration turns into strategy: the geopolitical race for lunar presence and what “claiming” actually means under the Outer Space Treaty.
• Lessons from Antarctica — what a working lunar base could really look like, based on how we already live and explore at Earth’s poles.
• The difference between a mine and a base, and why getting that wrong could derail the next era of exploration.
• AI teammates: what happens when explorers aren’t just human anymore?
• The rise of androids as extensions of ourselves. It this still us?
• Interstellar travel: android crews carrying human DNA and recorded consciousness across centuries.
• What happens when our “descendants” are made of carbon fiber instead of carbon flesh.

Here’s what stayed with me:

• We might be romanticizing the wrong things about the Moon.
  It’s not about ice — it’s about where we can survive, move, and build.
• A mine isn’t a home. Exploration needs stability before exploitation.
• Our future in space will likely be shared with machines that think — and maybe feel.
• At some point, the question shifts from can we go there to who are we when we do?

Pascal Said It Best

“The race isn’t to touch the Moon again — it’s to set up the first base.”“A mine isn’t a base. Don’t confuse extraction with exploration.”“The biggest source of water on the Moon… is Earth.”“If an android walks on Mars and thinks like us — is it still us?”

To Explore

• Pascal Lee / Mars Institute – marsinstitute.net
• SETI Institute (research partner) – seti.org
• ISU Course – The Moon & Its Exploration – isunet.edu
• NASA Artemis Program – nasa.gov/artemis
• Clavius Crater – moon.nasa.gov
  

My Take

Talking to Pascal Lee is like standing at the edge of a timeline that runs from the first lunar footprint to the last flicker of human DNA drifting between stars.
He reminds us that technology is only half the story — the other half is what kind of species we want to be when machines start thinking with us, not for us.

Maybe the Moon isn’t our next destin

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