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Vitamin D Status, Intraocular Pressure, and Neuroinflammation

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy leading to irreversible vision loss (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main modifiable risk factor, but glaucoma is multifactorial, involving optic nerve damage, blood flow, and neuroinflammation. Vitamin D (measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) plays roles in bone metabolism, cell regulation, and immune signaling (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Experimental data suggest vitamin D is neuroprotective; low levels are linked to neurodegeneration (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Since deficiency is common, researchers have studied whether vitamin D status influences IOP, optic nerve health, or inflammation in glaucoma. We review human and animal studies, and also examine evidence linking vitamin D to lifespan and mortality. We also discuss how sun exposure, skin pigmentation, and health conditions confound vitamin D measurements, define deficiency thresholds, and summarize supplementation advice.

Vitamin D and Glaucoma: IOP and Optic Nerve

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