Chapter 2, Verse 38: The verse outlines three universal criteria for decision-making: sukha-duhkha (pursuit of happiness/avoiding pain), labha-alabha (seeking highest gain), and jaya-ajaya (desire for victory). However, these alone are insufficient and must be guided by samanya-dharma (consideration of others' wellbeing). This prevents two extremes: excessive self-sacrifice and complete self-interest.

Chapter 2, Verse 39: BG addresses two sides of a seeker: Sankhya (self-knowledge) and Yoga (practical application of the knowledge, right living and purifying the mind). Sankhya covers understanding of jiva (individual), jagat (world), and Ishvara (cause of universe). Yoga provides preparation for assimilating this knowledge through karma-yoga, which transforms daily duties into spiritual practice through mind purification.

Chapter 2, Verse 40: Karma-yoga redefines what it means to be “spiritual” and what it means to be “successful”. Being spiritual means being a contributor, an engaged and enthusiastic participant in this world. Being successful means seeing life as a learning-platform, using each challenge as opportunity to help you evolve and recognize Oneness.

See notes for this session at: https://www.yesvedanta.com/bg2/