Tax season is in full swing, and in this Tax Tuesday episode, Anderson Advisors attorneys Amanda Wynalda, Esq., and Eliot Thomas, Esq., tackle numerous listener tax questions with practical advice. They discuss the Section 121 exclusion for primary residences, explaining how married couples filing separately can each qualify for the $250,000 capital gains exclusion. They outline strategies for converting personal residences to rental properties using S-corporations and installment sales to maximize tax benefits. Amanda and Eliot clarify 401(k) withdrawal rules, explaining when penalties apply and options like the Rule of 55 and hardship withdrawals. You’ll hear recommendations on optimal entity structures for real estate syndications, explanations of the short-term rental "loophole" for active income classification, and when to use trading partnerships versus simple LLCs for investment accounts. The episode concludes with a breakdown of key Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provisions set to expire in 2025, including individual tax brackets, standard deduction changes, child tax credits, and bonus depreciation, highlighting potential impacts for taxpayers.

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Highlights/Topics:

• "I understand that you can sell your primary residence and receive an exclusion from capital gains taxes on the first $250,000 if you're single and $500,000 if you're married filing jointly. However, I can't find any rules regarding if you're married filing separately. Could you please confirm if married filing separate also qualifies for the exclusion? Also, could you talk about how making improvements adds to the basis?" - Yes, both spouses filing separately can each get the $250,000 exclusion. Only one spouse needs to be on the title, but both must use it as a primary residence for 2 of the last 5 years. Improvements (new floors, additions, HVAC systems) add to your basis, which reduces taxable gain when you sell.
• "Can I use both cost segregation and bonus depreciation from an S-corp you sell your personal residence to for the Section 121 exemption? Also, what is the accounting treatment if you sold your personal residence to an S-corp using an installment sale?" - Yes to cost seg, no to bonus depreciation (not allowed for related-party transactions). For accounting, record the property as an asset on the S-corp with a liability for the note owed to you personally. You'll recognize all gain in year of sale (which is actually beneficial to utilize the Section 121 exclusion), and interest payments will be recorded as interest income.
• "Do I have to officially quit my job and be retired to take disbursements from my 401k? At what age can I take disbursements from my 401k? Are there any negative tax implications from taking early disbursements?" - You don't need to quit your job to take distributions if you're 59½ or older, though your specific plan may have different rules. Early withdrawals before 59½ incur a 10% penalty plus ordinary income tax, unless you qualify for exceptions like the Rule of 55 (if you leave your job at 55+) or hardship withdrawals for specific situations.
• "What is the best entity for tax purposes to invest in real estate syndications?" - A Wyoming LLC (disregarded) or partnership is typically best. This gives liability protection while letting income/losses flow directly to your personal return (important for using passive losses). Avoid S-Corps (reasonable wage requirements) and C-Corps (trap gains/losses on corporate return).
• "Regarding bonus depreciation and the short-term rental loophole, are either the 500 hours or 100 hours and, more than anyone else, material participation tests prorated for the year? For example, if a property is purchased and put into service in November, those hours would be difficult to achieve." - No, these hours are not prorated. You must meet the full hour requirements between purchase and December 31st. Consider using the "substantially all participation" test if you personally perform nearly all work needed, even if under 100 hours.
• "If I purchased an investment apartment and repaired windows, floors and incurred other miscellaneous expenses to make it ready for renters, can I write the expense off on my Schedule E? I didn't receive any income for that apartment as of yet." - You can only deduct expenses after the property is "placed in service" (available for rent). If not in service yet, these costs must be added to the property's basis and depreciated. The $2,500 de minimis rule lets you expense (not capitalize) individual purchases under $2,500, but only after the property is in service.
• "I'm starting to do wholesale investments. I'm still a W-2 employee, yet I will resign soon. Is it recommended that I start my LLC now, and why?" - Yes, start your LLC now for liability protection when entering contracts. Begin with a disregarded LLC in the state where you're wholesaling. Once established and generating consistent income, consider making an S-Corporation election to save on self-employment taxes.
• "I have a trading account, but I do not actively trade in it. Should I set up a trading partnership for it?" - If you're not actively trading, a simple Wyoming LLC for asset protection is sufficient. For active traders with significant expenses, consider the limited partnership structure with a C-Corporation general partner to shift some income and deduct expenses that aren't allowed on personal returns.

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