This episode is a Notebook LM review of a Supreme Court opinion concerning a challenge to the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) universal-service contribution scheme, as heard on certiorari from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. The central issue revolves around whether Congress's delegation of authority to the FCC and the FCC's subsequent reliance on an Administrator for financial projections violate the nondelegation doctrine outlined in Article I of the Constitution. The Court ultimately reverses the Fifth Circuit's decision, upholding the scheme by finding that the statutory language provides an "intelligible principle" to guide the FCC's actions and that the FCC's use of the Administrator is permissible under the private nondelegation doctrine precedents. The opinion also addresses the Fifth Circuit's "combination theory," which argued that while individually lawful, the combined delegations were unconstitutional, dismissing this argument by differentiating the "axis" of the public and private nondelegation doctrines. Concurring opinions discuss the nature of the intelligible principle test and express skepticism about the private nondelegation doctrine's viability, while the dissenting opinion argues that the Court's ruling on the tax power is unprecedented and departs from long-standing constitutional principles.