Join host Jack on this solo episode of Random Topics with Jack as we move from last week’s medical history deep dive into the fascinating world of linguistics. Jack introduces listeners to the scientific study of language and why it matters—how language shapes thought, culture and human connection.

We begin at the sound level with phonetics and phonology: articulation, place and manner of articulation, voiced vs. voiceless contrasts, and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Jack demonstrates minimal pairs (e.g., pat vs. bat, thin vs. this) and explains how phonemes function as the smallest sound units that change meaning.

Next is morphology: the study of word structure. Learn about morphemes (free vs. bound), common word-formation processes like compounding and affixation, and playful listener exercises (add a prefix or suffix to words such as play, read and care) that show how meaning is built.

Syntax follows—how words combine into sentences. Jack breaks down basic sentence ingredients (subject, verb, object), contrasts English SVO order with Japanese SOV order, and shows how word order and grammatical relations create emphasis and clarity.

The episode then explores meaning and context through semantics and pragmatics. Expect clear examples of ambiguity ("bank," "I saw a man on a hill with a telescope") and pragmatic phenomena such as implicature, politeness strategies and indirect requests. Jack highlights how what’s said and what’s meant can diverge and produce misunderstandings.

Broadening the view, Jack surveys historical linguistics and language families, with Proto‑Indo‑European as a case study. He explains reconstruction methods, language change over time (Old English vs. modern English), borrowing and the family-tree metaphor for related languages.

Finally, psycholinguistics: how the brain processes language, language acquisition in children (babbling to complex sentences), aphasia and other disorders, plus cognitive benefits of multilingualism and practical tips for language learners (short, regular practice sessions).

Throughout the episode Jack offers examples, quick experiments you can try aloud, and a call to notice language in everyday life. This solo show includes no external guests—just Jack guiding listeners through core linguistic ideas, takeaways, and next steps. Stay tuned for a preview of the next episode on the history of the periodic table, and follow Random Topics with Jack on TikTok; support options on Ko‑fi and Patreon are mentioned for early access and extras.