This extensive research report from August 2025, authored by Pallavi Banerjee of the University of Cambridge, examines the influence of the home learning environment (HLE) on the educational attainment of young people in England. The study utilizes linked administrative and survey data (LSYPE-2 and NPD) to investigate how socioeconomic factors, parental background, family relationships, behavior, and neighborhood context predict the likelihood of students achieving Level 2 (L2) and Level 3 (L3) qualifications by age 19. The findings consistently show that factors like Free School Meals (FSM) eligibility, lower parental education, and antisocial behavior are strongly associated with reduced attainment. Furthermore, the report applies the COM-B behavioral science model to interpret the results, concluding that effective interventions must address the intertwined elements of a student’s Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to improve educational equity.

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