How They Work Together

• JIT is the core method: only produce what is needed, minimizing excess inventory and waste123.

• TPS is the broader system developed at Toyota, incorporating JIT and adding continuous improvement, respect for people, and standardized processes16.

• Lean operations generalize these ideas, applying them to any industry to streamline processes, reduce costs, and improve quality and customer satisfaction1.

Lean and JIT principles are now widely used in service industries, healthcare, and logistics by:

• Streamlining workflows

• Reducing waiting times and errors

• Optimizing resource use and layouts

• Focusing on customer value and quick response to demand125

These methodologies remain central to modern operations management for their proven ability to drive efficiency, quality, and adaptability.