Join Danielle Belgrave and Ben Lorica for a discussion of AI in healthcare. Danielle is VP of AI and machine learning at GSK (formerly GlaxoSmithKline). She and Ben discuss using AI and machine learning to get better diagnoses that reflect the differences between patients. Listen in to learn about the challenges of working with health data—a field where there’s both too much data and too little, and where hallucinations have serious consequences. And if you’re excited about healthcare, you’ll also find out how AI developers can get into the field.

Points of Interest

• 0:00: Introduction to Danielle Belgrave, VP of AI and machine learning at GSK. Danielle is our first guest representing Big Pharma. It will be interesting to see how people in pharma are using AI technologies.
• 0:49: My interest in machine learning for healthcare began 15 years ago. My PhD was on understanding patient heterogeneity in asthma-related disease. This was before electronic healthcare records. By leveraging different kinds of data, genomics data and biomarkers from children, and seeing how they developed asthma and allergic diseases, I developed causal modeling frameworks and graphical models to see if we could identify who would respond to what treatments. This was quite novel at the time. We identified five different types of asthma. If we can understand heterogeneity in asthma, a bigger challenge is understanding heterogeneity in mental health. The idea was trying to understand heterogeneity over time in patients with anxiety.
• 4:12: When I went to DeepMind, I worked on the healthcare portfolio. I became very curious about how to understand things like MIMIC, which had electronic healthcare records, and image data. The idea was to leverage tools like active learning to minimize the amount of data you take from patients. We also published work on improving the diversity of datasets.
• 5:19: When I came to GSK, it was an exciting opportunity to do both tech and health. Health is one of the most challenging landscapes we can work on. Human biology is very complicated. There is so much random variation. To understand biology, genomics, disease progression, and have an impact on how drugs are given to patients is amazing.
• 6:15: My role is leading AI/ML for clinical development. How can we understand heterogeneity in patients to optimize clinical trial recruitment and make sure the right patients have the right treatment?
• 6:56: Where does AI create the most value across GSK today? That can be both traditional AI and generative AI.
• 7:23: I use everything interchangeably, though there are distinctions. The real important thing is focusing on the problem we are trying to solve, and focusing on the data. How do we generate data that’s meaningful? How do we think about deployment?
• 8:07: And all the Q&A and red teaming.
• 8:20: It’s hard to put my finger on what’s the most impactful use case. When I think of the problems I care about, I think about oncology, pulmonary disease, hepatitis—these are all very impactful problems, and they’re problems that we actively work on. If I were to highlight one thing, it’s the interplay between when we are looking at whole genome sequencing data and looking at molecular data and trying to translate that into computational pathology. By looking at those data types and understanding heterogeneity at that level, we get a deeper biological representation of different subgroups and understand mechanisms of action for response to drugs.