2006 has been dubbed "The Year of the Neanderthal," since the first official discovery of Neanderthal remains was made 150 years ago this month in a limestone quarry in Germany's Neander Valley, east of Dusseldorf. Listen in this week, and you'll learn where things currently stand with respect to Neanderthal's place in our family tree, as well as learn how science's view of the species has changed over the intervening decades. Before you listen to this episode, make sure you've listened to the episodes on Piltdown (episode 9, 12/2005) and Flores Man (episode 15, 1/2006) first.