In today's episode, I am talking about the participation of Black people in unions. I dive into the importance of the CIO (Congressional Industrial Organizations) into being the first interracial union. CIO's efforts also branched into the policies developed into the civil rights episode. For the pop culture section, I talk about the lack of unions in the music industry. Due to the segregation by race and genre by the American Federation of Musicians, this has led to musicians and artists having little to know power over their profits and artistic output.

References:

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Mason, L. R. (1945). The CIO and the Negro in the South. Journal of Negro Education. https://doi.org/10.2307/2966026

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Cook, A., & Glass, C. (2013). Glass Cliffs and Organizational Saviors: Barriers to Minority Leadership in Work Organizations? Social Problems. https://doi.org/10.1525/SP.2013.60.2.168

Lazonick, W., Moss, P., & Weitz, J. (2020). How the Disappearance of Unionized Jobs Obliterated an Emergent Black Middle Class. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.36687/INETWP125

Miller, L. E. (2024a). The Origins of the American Federation of Musicians and Its Place in the History of Organized Labor. https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252045561.003.0002

Peterson, M. (2013). Sound Work: Music as Labor and the 1940s Recording Bans of the American Federation of Musicians. Anthropological Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1353/ANQ.2013.0040

Pippen, J. (2015). Tell Tchaikovsky the News: Rock “n” Roll, the Labor Question, and the Musicians’ Union, 1942–1968 by Michael James Roberts (review). Notes. https://doi.org/10.1353/NOT.2015.0152

Weissman, D. (2019). The Viability of the American Federation of Musicians in the 21st Century. https://doi.org/10.25101/19.17

Frey, B. S. (2019). The Artists’ Labour Market. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15748-7_4

Shane, R. (2013). Resurgence or Deterioration? The State of Cultural Unions in the 21st Century. Journal of Arts Management Law and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2013.817364