A wide-ranging conversation with Northeastern’s John Wihbey on how algorithms, laws, and business models shape speech online—and what smarter, lighter regulation could look like.

Guest bio: John Wihbey is a professor of media & technology at Northeastern University and director of the AI Media Strategies Lab. Author of Governing Babel (MIT Press). He has advised foundations, governments, and tech firms (incl. pre-X Twitter) and consulted for the U.S. Navy.

Topics discussed:

• Section 230’s 1996 logic vs. the algorithmic era
• EU DSA, Brazil/India, authoritarian models
• AI vs. AI moderation (deepfakes, scams, NCII)
• Hate/abuse, doxxing, and speech “crowd-out”
• Platform opacity; case for transparency/data access
• Creator-economy economics; downranking/shadow bans
• Dead Internet Theory, bots, engagement gaming
• Sports, betting, and integrity (NBA/NFL)
• Gen Z jobs; becoming AI-literate change agents
• Teaching with AI: simulations, human-in-loop assessment

Main points & takeaways:

• Keep Section 230 but add obligations (transparency, appeals, researcher access).
• Europe’s DSA has exportable principles, adapted to U.S. free-speech norms.
• States lead on deepfake/NCII and youth-harm laws.
• AI offense currently ahead; detection/provenance + humans will narrow the gap.
• Lawful hate/abuse can practically silence others’ participation.
• CSAM detection is harder with synthetics; needs better tooling/cooperation.
• News/creator models are fragile; ad dollars shifted to platforms.
• Opaque ranking punishes small creators; clearer recourse is needed.
• Engagement metrics are Goodharted; bots inflate signals.
• Live sports thrive on synchronization; gambling risks long-term integrity.
• Students should aim to be the person who uses AI well, not fear AI.

Top 3 quotes:

• “Keep 230, but add transparency and obligations—we don’t need censorship; we need visibility into how platforms actually govern speech.”
• “AI versus AI is the new reality—offense is ahead today, but defense will catch up with detection, provenance, and human oversight.”
• “The platform is king—monetization and discoverability are controlled by opaque algorithms, and that unpredictability crushes small creators.”

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