Dr. Sean Beienberg returns to examine the Electoral College through the lens of Federalist Paper 68, explaining the original intentions behind this complex system and how it rapidly evolved from its designed purpose. We explore how Hamilton's vision of a filtering mechanism for selecting "prudent statesmen" quickly transformed with the rise of political parties and changing electoral practices.
• The Electoral College has two key features: the allocation of electors (balancing federal and national interests) and the filtering mechanism for selecting presidents
• Electoral allocation reflects the mixed federal system—combining House (population-based) and Senate (state-based) representation
• Hamilton designed the system to select presidents with strong character who would be efficient administrators and effective international representatives
• States quickly moved from having deliberative electors to holding popular votes for pledged electors
• The 12th Amendment changed the system after the 1800 election tie, formally acknowledging party politics
• The Constitution remains "agnostic" on how states choose electors—state legislatures could legally choose them directly, though norms have changed
• Hamilton was so confident in the Electoral College design that he noted even anti-federalist critics weren't complaining about it
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