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Could AI systems be thinking more like quantum computers than we realized? In this mind-expanding exploration, we dive deep into a fascinating theoretical breakthrough that's challenging our fundamental understanding of how large language models reason through complex problems. This podcast is based on the paper “Reasoning by Superposition: A Theoretical Perspective on Chain of Continuous Thought” https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.12514
The key revelation centers around what researchers call "chain of continuous thought" (CoCoT), a radical departure from the sequential, step-by-step thinking we've come to associate with AI systems. Instead of processing information one token at a time, these models appear capable of maintaining multiple possibilities simultaneously in superposition—exploring countless pathways in parallel rather than individually.
We break down the remarkable simplicity behind this computational magic: a mere two-layer transformer architecture that dramatically outperforms much larger conventional models. Through the lens of graph reachability problems, we demonstrate how continuous thought transforms an O(n²) challenge into one solvable in just d steps, where d is typically much smaller than n. The efficiency gains aren't just marginal—they're potentially exponential.
Perhaps most surprising is what the research revealed about emergent intelligence. Even when researchers specifically tried to train models to perform unbiased breadth-first searches, they stubbornly developed sophisticated prioritization strategies, focusing attention on optimal paths with uncanny effectiveness. It raises profound questions about what other extraordinarily sophisticated reasoning abilities might be quietly developing within these systems, capabilities we're just beginning to glimpse.
What does this mean for the future of AI? As continuous thought mechanisms become better understood, we might unlock solutions to problems previously considered computationally impossible. The boundary between sequential human-like reasoning and parallel computational thinking continues to blur, suggesting exciting and perhaps unsettling possibilities for tomorrow's AI systems.

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