Can artificial intelligence replace scientists? At Stanford University, Professor James Zou is leading research on AI scientists, virtual labs, and digital researchers that are already transforming biology and medicine.
In this episode of Agents of Tech, recorded live at ISMB/ECCB in Liverpool, James explains how his lab is building virtual research teams powered by AI. These “digital scientists” act like a real lab, with specialized roles in immunology, chemistry, and computational biology. They collaborate, design experiments, and even help discover potential Covid vaccine candidates.
We discuss:
How AI schools train agents to become domain experts in days
Why virtual conferences run by AI could change scientific publishing
What James’s team learned from designing nanobody therapies with AI
The future of human and AI collaboration in science
Read James Zou’s recent Nature paper on AI scientist agents: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09442-9
Subscribe for more conversations with global AI and science leaders: https://www.youtube.com/@AgentsOfTech
#AI #Science #JamesZou #Stanford #VirtualLabs #ComputationalBiology #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning

Chapters (time-coded)
00:00 – AI isn’t just a tool, it’s becoming the scientist
00:17 – Meet Professor James Zou of Stanford
00:41 – What are AI “virtual labs”?
01:07 – Can AI replace human researchers?
02:00 – The promise and fear of agentic AI
03:15 – Building AI teams with different expertise
04:45 – Human creativity vs virtual collaboration
05:36 – James Zou explains the concept of virtual labs
06:40 – Early success: AI scientists design Covid nanobody candidates
08:20 – Why virtual labs are more than large language models
09:40 – Specialized AI agents with domain expertise
11:05 – Human collaboration with AI scientists
12:20 – Filling critical expertise gaps with AI
13:45 – How virtual labs “teach themselves” through AI schools
15:20 – The problem of agreeable AIs and why critics are needed
17:00 – Bias in literature and how AI agents learn
18:45 – Trust and experimental validation in AI science
20:20 – Why human scientists still matter in the lab
21:10 – Next steps for Stanford’s virtual lab research
22:20 – Potential applications in biology, medicine, and beyond
23:20 – The future of AI-run conferences and publishing
25:10 – Explosion of research papers and the role of AI reviewers
26:00 – Reactions: Are AI scientists partners or competitors?
29:20 – What does AI mean for the future of human discovery?
30:00 – Closing thoughts and thanks to James Zou