Digital certificate industry veterans Tim Callan and Jason Soroko explore the issues surrounding digital identity, PKI, and cryptographic connections in today's dynamic and evolving computing world. Best practices in digital certificates are continually under pressure from technology trends, new laws and regulations, cryptographic advances, and the evolution of our computing architectures to be more virtual, agile, ubiquitous, and cloud-based. Jason and Tim (and the occasional guest subject ...
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Root Causes 500: OMG! 500 Episodes of Root Causes!
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20:46Wow. It's episode 500 of Root Causes. Jason and Tim talk about how the podcast has evolved in the past six years, how it remains consistent, and the updates we're making to keep being a valuable resource for our listeners.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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The recent Signal controversy highlights the importance of understanding what protections an E2EE messaging app provides, and what it does not.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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The UK National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has released new PQC guidance. We take exception to the dates it gives and explain why.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 497: PQC Update with Sofia Celi
19:50
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19:50Guest Sofia Celi (IETF, Brave) returns to talk about important developments in post quantum cryptography. Sofia tells us about her candidate algorithm MAYO and what is happening with the NIST PQC onramp. We learn about KEM TLS and the status of PQC initiatives in IETF.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Gmail is now end-to-end encrypted for all recipients, regardless of the receiving client. We explain how Gmail accomplishes this trick.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 495: Trust Models and Post Quantum Cryptography
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7:00We build on our Trust Models discussion to explore how organizations can structure their PKI for the transition to post quantum cryptography (PQC).By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 494: Introduction to Trust Models
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21:09We explain the basics of trust models and compare various models including WebPKI, private CA, and consortium models.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 493: Disentangling Public and Private Certificate Use Cases
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12:10Changing root store requirements mean CAs must separate their root hierarchies for different certificate types. We explain why enterprises should consider private CA for some use cases.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 492: When Mandatory Security Training Sucks
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19:36In this episode we get excited about errors we see in mandatory security trainings.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 491: RSA's Non-quantum Threat
31:41
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31:41We are rejoined by Dr. Michele Mosca to explore the potential threat of RSA being broken even in the absence of a quantum computing attack.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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We define Chrome versus Chromium, explaining what each is and the difference between the two.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Does AI kill end-to-end encryption? There is a contention that the presence of AI agents in the workstream will render your confidential information visible outside the encrypted communication channels and therefore that E2EE is pointless. We explore this argument.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 488: CABF Face-to-Face Meeting Update
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5:37We explain the major news items from the most recent CA/Browser Forum face-to-face meeting in Tokyo. Topics include MPIC, 47-day certificate term, and Temporary Restraining Orders.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Jason and I take a peek forward at what we imagine IT security looks like in 2030. Topics include PQC, ZTNA, "green zones," deep fakes, IoT, connected cars, agentic AI, blockchain, and CLM.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 486: 47-day Maximum Term Ballot Passes CABF
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11:11Apple's ballot to step the maximum term for public SSL certificates down to 47 days has passed in the CA/Browser Forum. We explain.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Guest Dmitry Sharkov joins us to describe Open MPIC, the open-source project to help public CAs support MPIC.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 484: Multi Good Factor Authentication
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12:46
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12:46We define multi good factor authentication, which is the idea that not all authentication factors are equal. We discuss the importance of considering authentication strength and the contextual nature of trust.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 483: Introducing the PQC Sandbox
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22:40We are joined by repeat guest Bruno Coulliard of Crypto4A to introduce Sectigo's new post quantum cryptography (PQC) sandbox. The PQC sandbox allows you to get quantum resistant certificates in your hands to understand how they work with your systems.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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In this episode we explore the potential PQC future for Microsoft Active Directory Certificate Services, aka MSCA. We discuss potential paths for Microsoft to take and their consequences.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 481: What Is Protocol Ossification?
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11:49Protocol ossification is the phenomenon whereby ecosystems fail to work correctly with the full range of options included in a protocol. This occurs when individual software components only partially support the capabilities that should be available. We define protocol ossification, explain how and why it occurs, give real world examples, and talk …
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Root Causes 480: White House PQC Executive Order
10:22
10:22
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10:22Many people believe that the Trump White House rescinded an important cybersecurity executive order from late days of the Biden administration. We set the record straight.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 479: AI Adversarial Machine Learning
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13:10In this episode we discuss the thinking on how adversaries can exploit the flaws in AI models to achieve unexpected and dangerous results. We explore some potential paths of defense against attacks of this sort.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 478: Should We All Switch from RSA to ECC?
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16:01RSA is under attack. Even without the quantum threat, we face the possibility of smart new exploits reducing the viable RSA key space and rendering it unsafe. In this episode we discuss the merits of choosing ECC over RSA as soon as today.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 477: Comparative Security Philosophies
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17:51We discuss how various popular computing platforms approach security and highlight the differences between them.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 476: The Need for Security KPIs
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16:34Jason recounts a 2024 Black Hat talk about the need for objective measurements of our IT defenses and whether the good guys or bad guys are winning. Jason breaks down how to define and measure the impact of security measures.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 475: Can Your AI Scheme Against You?
15:56
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15:56It's the stuff of science fiction! Interesting research shows how today's AI technology is capable of lying to and scheming against its human owners in service of its goals.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 474: Explaining Shor's Algorithm
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21:12We talk a lot about Shor's Algorithm in our discussion of post quantum cryptography (PQC). In this episode Jason explains Shor's algorithm for non-quantum physicists.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 473: Does Security Software Lack Creativity?
10:08
10:08
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10:08Jason reports on a 2024 Black Hat keynote about how modern software development practices inhibit innovation and invention.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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AI tools are now available to perform red-teaming activity for DevSecOps. Such tools are soon to be table stakes in the constantly escalating IT security arms race. Join us to learn more.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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In this episode, guest Alexandre Giron explains what is needed to support post quantum cryptography (PQC) with ACME.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 470: The MFA False Equivalency Fallacy
11:53
11:53
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11:53Not all forms of MFA are equally secure. In this episode we describe the differences between the more secure and less secure forms of MFA.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 469: The All or Nothing Fallacy in Cybersecurity
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7:14In this episode we explain the all-or-nothing fallacy in cybersecurity and how it's affecting debate in the WebPKI right now.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 468: UK Demands New Backdoor from Apple
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10:25A new demand from the UK seeks complete access to all Apple cloud data housed in the UK, regardless of the data owners' citizenship and residency. We unpack this latest development in Government versus Encryption.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 467: Decoupling Public from Private Use Cases
9:41
9:41
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9:41The past year has seen a great deal of focus on the use of public TLS certificates where private root certificates are actually the appropriate solution. In this episode we discuss the differences between these two use cases and what IT organizations can do about it.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 466: Apple Moves 47-day Ballot to CABF Vote
31:21
31:21
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31:21Apple is proceeding with a ballot that eventually will shorten SSL certificate maximum term to 47 days. Accompanying the ballot, Apple released a statement explaining its intent with the ballot. In this episode we unpack its statements.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 465: Twelve Bugzilla Sins for CAs to Avoid
42:49
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42:49In the wake of the Bugzilla Bloodbath, we list and describe twelve sins CAs commit on Bugzilla and its like, why they're detrimental, and how CAs should avoid them.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 464: Defending Against Harvest and Decrypt
9:49
9:49
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9:49Harvest and decrypt is a well-known attack vector against traditional cryptography prior to PQC. In this episode, we discuss what enterprises should be doing today to defend themselves against harvest and decrypt.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 463: Cellular Networks Are Insecure
12:21
12:21
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12:21In this episode we explain that all cellular networks, contrary to popular belief, are fundamentally insecure.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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In this episode we walk through the evolution of the war on cryptography, from the beginning up through today, terminating in what we call Crypto War 3.0.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 461: Sectigo Acquires Entrust Public CA Business
10:28
10:28
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10:28Sectigo today announced the acquisition of the Entrust public CA business. Entrust will go forward as a Sectigo reseller. Join us to learn the details.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 460: The State of PQC with Michele Mosca
31:48
31:48
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31:48In this episode we are joined by Dr. Michela Mosca. We discuss his pioneering work identifying the need for post-quantum cryptography, where PQC stands today, and what the future may hold.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 459: 2024 Lookback - Shortening Certificate Lifespans & DCV
12:20
12:20
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12:202024 set in motion major changes for certificate lifespans and DCV. In this episode we discuss the Apple 47-day proposal, stepping down certificate term, public versus private CA use cases, DCV reuse periods, MPIC, WHOIS, and other topics.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 458: Apple Extends Entrust Distrust to SMIME and VMC
8:47
8:47
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8:47Apple has added itself to the Entrust distrust and has extended this distrust to S/MIME and VMC. We explain.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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We had a remarkable year on the Root Causes podcast in terms of our guests. We look back at the extremely expert guests we were lucky to talk about in 2024.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 456: 2024 Lookback - Bugzilla Bloodbath
11:24
11:24
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11:24In this 2024 lookback episode, we give an overview of the firestorm of Bugzilla incidents that we refer to as the Bugzilla Bloodbath. The Bugzilla Bloodbath affected actions around the Entrust distrust, delayed revocation reform, 47-day SSL certificate maximum term, linting, and more.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 455: PQC Standardization in IETF
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35:54We talk with guest Sofia Celi of Brave Browser, who leads the IETF PQC standardization effort, about the process of setting standards for PQC-compatible digital certificates. We learn about expected timelines, hybrid strategies, the NIST PQC onramp's role, and more.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 454: 2024 Lookback - Post quantum cryptography (PQC)
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7:452024 was an eventful year for post quantum cryptography (PQC). This includes FIPS standards, the PQC onramp, and the dawn of widespread interest among IT professionals.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 453: It Turns Out Monkeys Couldn't Type Shakespeare After All
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14:12The old adage states that a monkey in front of a keyboard, given enough time, could randomly type the works of Shakespeare. Apparently, someone ran the numbers and said not so much. We break it down and explain why we're discussing this on a PKI podcast.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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Root Causes 452: 2024 Predictions Scorecard
10:38
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10:38We go over our predictions for 2024 and score our ability as prognosticators.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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It was a crazy year for CA/Browser Forum activity, with nearly three times the normal number of ballots. Guest Martijn Katerbarg goes over the 32 CABF ballots from 2024.By Tim Callan and Jason Soroko
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