Africa fuels the world with cobalt, cocoa, oil, and gold , yet still carries over $1.1 trillion in external debt. In this episode of Panel 54, hosts Waweru Njoroge and Ndu Okoh sit with Edgar Wamalwa, a strategic consultant and project finance expert with over three decades in banking and infrastructure, to unpack Africa’s paradox of plenty.

From Kenya’s ballooning public debt to the DRC’s cobalt wealth and South Africa’s models of industrial financing, the conversation dives into dependency, leadership, and the short-termism holding the continent back. Wamalwa challenges the “begging bowl” mindset, weighs whether Africa can rewrite global economic rules, and asks if Africapitalism private-sector driven, inclusive growth can chart a sustainable path out of debt.
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