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CS After Hours

CS After Hours

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We are two computer science professors in upstate NY who will talk about things that are both related to classes we teach and things that we experienced in our road to where we are now. Many topics will be things that we find interesting to people not only in the field of CS, but others, such as gaming, cooking, home improvement and others.
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“Got Knowledge Doc” Podkast with Dr. RR Baliga The "Got Knowledge Doc" Podkast, hosted by Dr. Ragavendra R. Baliga, is a knowledge-driven platform designed for physicians and healthcare providers seeking to stay at the forefront of medical science and innovation. With a distinguished career in cardiovascular medicine and academic leadership, Dr. Baliga engages with leading experts to explore cutting-edge research, emerging technologies, and transformative insights in medicine and beyond. Eac ...
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🚨 Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis (CAVS): Beyond Wear and Tear 🫀🪨 Once thought to be “degenerative,” CAVS is now recognized as an active disease driven by oxidative stress ⚡, inflammation 🔥, and lipoprotein(a) 🧬. Despite its growing global burden, no drug therapy slows its progression. 🩺 Current management: Surgical (SAVR) or Transcatheter (TAVR) va…
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🚨 New in The Lancet (2025) 🚨 A mega meta-analysis of 484 RCTs (104K+ participants) offers a game-changing approach to hypertension management! 💊📉 Instead of guessing how much BP will drop, now you can predict it—by drug, dose, and combo! 🎯 Like statins for LDL, this study introduces low-, moderate-, and high-intensity BP regimens based on expected …
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🧒❤️ Partial Heart Transplant: A Growing Solution for Growing Hearts! 🌱🔬 🚨 Pediatric patients with congenital heart valve disease often face multiple surgeries due to non-living valve grafts that don’t grow. This landmark study from @DukeHealth shows how living valves via partial heart transplant can change the game. 📊 In 19 patients (median age: 97…
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🐖🫁 World First: Pig Lung Transplanted into Human 🧬🌍 In a groundbreaking step for xenotransplantation, a team in China successfully transplanted a genetically modified pig lung into a brain-dead human recipient. The lung functioned for 216 hours without hyperacute rejection, offering hope to thousands on organ waitlists. 🔬 Key breakthroughs: • 6-gen…
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🧬 Pre-Heart Failure? Let Age Speak! 👵👴 New study in JACC compares fixed vs age-adjusted NT-proBNP cutoffs for defining pre–heart failure (Pre-HF) in over 22,000 adults across ARIC, MESA, and CHS cohorts. 📉 Key Insight: Age-adjusted cutoffs reduce overdiagnosis in older adults 🧓 and improve risk prediction for heart failure hospitalization 🏥. 📊 With…
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🚨 Game-Changer in Lung Cancer! 🫁💉 The 5-year results from CheckMate 816 are in! Neoadjuvant nivolumab + chemotherapy significantly improved survival in resectable NSCLC 🎯 ✅ 65.4% 5-year OS vs. 55.0% with chemo alone 🧬 pCR = 95.3% survival 📉 ctDNA clearance = better outcomes ⚖️ Time to rethink neoadjuvant strategies 📚 Read in NEJM: A landmark in tho…
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🚨 New insights from EHJ 2025! 🚨 In statin-treated patients undergoing PCI, inflammation (hsCRP ≥2 mg/L)—not elevated LDL-C—was the strongest predictor of MACE at 1 year 🔥🧪 📊 Bay et al. show that residual inflammatory risk carries a 1.8x higher hazard for adverse events, while LDL-C alone showed no independent risk 💥 🧠 Time to shift focus beyond lip…
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🔎 Averroes (Ibn Rushd, 1126–1198), the “Father of Rationalism,” bridged Islam & the West through philosophy, medicine & law. 🌍 His commentaries on Aristotle, theory of the intellect, and medical insights (stroke, Parkinson’s, retina) shaped centuries of thought. 📚 His legacy reminds us that reason, faith & science can coexist in pursuit of truth. 💡…
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🚨 New Study Alert 🧬🫀 Think a CAC score of zero means you’re in the clear? Think again. A massive cohort from the Western Denmark Heart Registry (n = 23,777) shows that elevated LDL-C is strongly associated with non-calcified plaque 🧱 and future coronary events 💥—even in those with CAC = 0. 📈 Each 1 mmol/L (~39 mg/dL) rise in LDL-C increases the odd…
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🚨 New in NEJM 🫁: The IMPALA-2 trial shows that inhaled molgramostim significantly improves gas exchange, quality of life, and exercise capacity in patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP)—a rare disease driven by GM-CSF autoantibodies. 💨 Say goodbye to whole-lung lavage—this is a bench-to-bedside success story 30 years in the …
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🚨 New Stroke Trial Alert! 🧠💉 Can IV alteplase help beyond the 4.5-hour mark? The HOPE trial (JAMA 2025) says YES—if perfusion imaging shows salvageable brain tissue 🧬🕑. 📊 Functional independence at 90 days improved from 26% ➡️ 40%, despite a small uptick in symptomatic ICH (3.8%). 🌍 Game-changer for patients in low-resource settings where thrombect…
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🚀 Exciting breakthroughs in metabolic medicine! 💊 This August 2025 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery review by Dr. Daniel Drucker dives deep into the evolution of GLP-1-based therapies—covering semaglutide, tirzepatide, multi-agonists, oral small molecules, and their growing impact beyond diabetes into obesity, liver disease, and neurodegeneration. 🧠⚖️…
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🚨 New insights from the European Heart Journal! 🫀✨ This study shows that where you store fat — not just how much — matters for how your heart and arteries age. 📌 Android fat (belly) = faster cardiovascular aging 📌 Gynoid fat (hips/thighs) = protective, especially in women 🧬 Using MRI (ShMOLLI), metabolomics & AI (CatBoost), researchers predicted ca…
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👨‍⚕️🔬 Just explored the latest JAMA review on Prostatitis—a masterclass in clarity and clinical relevance! From LUTS to CP/CPPS, it unpacks the full spectrum: 🧪 Meares-Stamey testing, 📊 NIH-CPSI scoring, and 🚀 modern management strategies. A must-read for anyone navigating the nuanced world of male pelvic health. #Urology #MensHealth #Prostatitis #…
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🚨 New in JACC (Aug 2025): Evidentiary Landscape of HF Therapies 🫀 Over the last decade, the heart failure field has shifted from the “mortality reduction era” (ACEIs, β-blockers, MRAs) ➡️ to the “hospitalization reduction era” (SGLT2i, ARNI in HFpEF, iron therapy). 🔑 Key Insights: ⚖️ FDA decisions reflect both rigor and flexibility — approving sacu…
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🧬 Mesenchymal Drift: A New Hallmark of Aging & Disease 🧬 Researchers uncover that Mesenchymal Drift (MD)—the widespread activation of mesenchymal genes across tissues—is a conserved feature of aging and multiple diseases. 📉 High MD = worse outcomes (e.g., in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, survival dropped from 1,027 to 294 days). 🔄 Excitingly, part…
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🚨 New insights on atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment! A major meta-analysis in Annals of Internal Medicine 🧠📊 confirms that catheter ablation reduces stroke 🧨, heart failure hospitalizations 🏥, and mortality ⚰️—especially in patients with HF. While surgical ablation with LAA occlusion shows benefit in stroke prevention, catheter-based strategies 💉🔥…
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🚨 New insights from Annals of Internal Medicine challenge long-held beliefs about alcohol 🍷 and health 🧬. A 2025 U.S. Surgeon General advisory links even modest drinking to increased cancer risk 🎗️—especially breast and oral cancers. Experts now urge clearer labeling, better patient counseling 🩺, and culturally normalizing abstinence 🌱. Is it time …
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💡 Renal Denervation: A New Era in Hypertension Care 🩺 Despite decades of effective medications, only ~25% of patients worldwide achieve blood pressure control. Non-adherence remains a huge barrier. 📉 This Nature Reviews Cardiology article (Fisher & Kirtane, Sept 2025) explores the journey of renal denervation (RDN) — from Smithwick’s sympathectomy …
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📘 New Insights on Diverticulitis 📊🔬💊 Did you know that while 1–4% of people with diverticulosis develop diverticulitis, it still accounts for ~200,000 hospitalizations annually in the US and >$6.3B in healthcare costs? 🚑💰 ✅ CT scan remains the gold standard for diagnosis 🖼️ ✅ Observation & pain control are first-line for uncomplicated cases 💊 ✅ Ant…
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🚨 Hypertension remains the world’s #1 killer — yet fewer than 1 in 4 patients achieve control. 💊 Exciting innovations are reshaping the field: ✔️ Aprocitentan (endothelin receptor antagonist) – first new class in decades ✔️ siRNA (zilebesiran) – 6-monthly dosing, tackling adherence ✔️ Aldosterone synthase inhibitors – overcoming “aldosterone escape…
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🌟 Ramanuja (1017–1137 CE), one of India’s greatest theologians, shaped Vishishtadvaita Vedanta (Qualified Non-Dualism). His vision of Atman (self) and Brahman (supreme reality), united through bhakti (devotion), transformed Hindu theology and inspired generations. 🕉️📖 💡 His commentaries on the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahma Sutras laid the f…
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🧬 South Asians make up 25% of the world—yet just 3% of major cardiovascular trials. A new systematic review (310 RCTs, 1M+ participants) reveals stark underrepresentation, especially outside India. No South Asians in trials for heart failure, cardiac arrest, or valvular disease. 📉 The data gap is real—and it’s limiting care. 🔍 We need global trial …
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🚶‍♀️📲 New research alert! A massive natural experiment tracking 7,447 relocations across 1,609 US cities reveals that urban walkability directly boosts physical activity 🏙️💪 📈 Moving to more walkable cities increased daily steps by ~1,100 and doubled compliance with MVPA guidelines! 🎯 A powerful case for urban design as preventive medicine. 🔗 A mus…
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🧂 Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for CVD. 🚹🚺 Women are more salt-sensitive than men, especially after menopause. ⚙️ Key drivers: RAAS, ENaC, natriuresis, and immune pathways. 💉 Estrogen protects, testosterone raises pressure, menopause tips the balance. 🐀 From Dahl’s rats to Conn’s syndrome, SSBP research sh…
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Liver, Lipids, and the Left Ventricle 🩸🫀🧬 The NEJM review reminds us that fatty liver isn’t just a liver problem. MASLD drives risk for heart disease, diabetes, kidney dysfunction, and even cancers. 🚨 Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in MASLD—outpacing cirrhosis and cancer. 🫀💔 With new tools like FIB-4, VCTE, ELF, and promi…
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🧓💊 The COMBINE-AF substudy offers important guidance for managing frail, elderly, VKA-experienced patients with atrial fibrillation. Switching to standard-dose DOACs reduced stroke/systemic embolism risk and cut intracranial & fatal bleeding 🧠🛡️, but raised gastrointestinal bleeding rates 🍽️🩸—especially with certain agents. Sensitivity analyses sho…
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🧠 Meet the Northwestern SuperAgers—individuals 80+ with memory scores rivaling those decades younger! 📚 They show thicker cortices, more von Economo neurons, fewer neurofibrillary tangles, and remarkable social engagement. 🏆 Their brains offer clues to resisting age-related decline—reshaping how we view aging potential. ✨ #SuperAgers #HealthyLongev…
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🚨 Hot off the press! The 2025 ACC/AHA High Blood Pressure Guidelines are here 🩺📊 — bringing sharper strategies to detect, treat & prevent hypertension. From HBPM 🏠 to PREVENT risk scoring 🎯 and protecting against end-organ damage 🫀🧠, these updates empower clinicians & patients alike. Measure it. Manage it. Maintain it. 💪🌟 #Hypertension #Cardiology …
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🌳 Trees aren’t just trees – they’re bustling holobionts 🌱🧫! New Nature research reveals that living wood hosts vast, specialized microbiomes, with heartwood and sapwood fostering distinct microbial worlds. These microbes shape carbon & nitrogen cycling 🌍, influence tree health 🌳💪, and reflect deep host–microbe coevolution 🧬. Rethinking forests as h…
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💙 Heart failure prevention is a lifelong journey – from identifying those at risk 🩺, to managing pre-HF 🚦, to optimizing care in advanced stages 🫀. This joint HFSA & ASPC statement bridges primary, secondary & tertiary prevention, targeting traditional risks (HTN, diabetes, obesity) ⚠️, non-traditional risks (genetics, SDOH) 🌍, and leveraging tools…
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🦠 Your gut is home to trillions of microbes shaping digestion, immunity, and even mood! 🌿 This new study of 150 adults over 12 weeks found 📈 higher alpha diversity (p=0.003) and clear shifts in microbiome composition, with Faecalibacterium ↑ and Bacteroides ↓. Such changes could boost metabolic and immune health—but more research is needed for long…
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🚀 Breaking News in Cardio-Oncology! 🫀🎗️ A new randomized trial in European Journal of Heart Failure shows that low-dose sacubitril/valsartan (an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor) given before adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer patients completely prevented cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) over 12 months — 0% vs 26.3%…
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🧬 Geroscience is redefining how we think about aging — shifting focus from treating one disease at a time to targeting the biological processes that drive all age-related conditions. From 🍽️ caloric restriction and 💊 metformin, to 🛡️ rapalogs and 🔍 senolytics, the evidence is mounting: intervening in aging biology may improve healthspan, resilience…
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🚨 New Insights in HFpEF Therapy! 🫀🔬 A groundbreaking JACC: Basic to Translational Science study shows that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) deficiency is not just a byproduct—but a central driver of cardiometabolic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Using human plasma analysis + two robust preclinical models, researchers found: ⚠️ ~80–90…
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🌟 Al-Ghazali (1058–1111 CE) – The “Proof of Islam” 🌟 A Shafi’i jurist, Ash’arite theologian, Sufi mystic, and philosopher, Al-Ghazali transformed Islamic thought by uniting orthodox theology with spiritual depth. 📜✨ From his Tahafut al-Falasifa 🧠🔥 (Incoherence of the Philosophers) challenging Aristotelian science, to his Ihya Ulum al-Din 📖💫 revivin…
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💖 Fabry Disease & the Heart 🫀 A rare genetic condition with a big cardiac footprint—Fabry disease can cause left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, microvascular angina, and heart failure even when ejection fraction is preserved. 🔍 Early detection is key – Genetic testing, advanced imaging (CMR with T1 mapping, strain echocardiography), and awar…
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🚶‍♀️💨 Small Steps, Big Gains for Frail Adults! 🏆📈 A new study in PLOS ONE shows that prefrail and frail older adults can safely increase walking cadence — and that even a modest boost of +14 steps/min can raise the odds of hitting a clinically meaningful improvement in the 6-Minute Walk Test by ~10%. 📊 High-intensity walking participants averaged 1…
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💨 Cleaner Air, Healthier Hearts! 🫀 A new JACC randomized crossover trial shows that in-home HEPA filtration near high-traffic roads can lower systolic blood pressure by ~3 mm Hg in people with elevated baseline BP—even in areas with low PM₂.₅ levels. 🔍 Why it matters: Small BP reductions at the population level translate into meaningful drops in he…
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🔬🧠 New Insights into the Brain’s Role in Energy Balance! ⚖️🍽️ Cutting-edge research reveals how the hypothalamus, brainstem, and reward pathways integrate hormonal, neural, and environmental signals to regulate appetite, energy expenditure, and body weight. From POMC & AgRP neurons to the gut–brain axis and dopaminergic reward circuits, this work u…
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🚨 New Insights from HELIOS-B 🫀✨ In patients with transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), the RNA interference therapy vutrisiran not only reduced mortality and cardiovascular events, but also showed measurable benefits in cardiac structure and function over 30 months. 📉 Thinner LV walls & lower LV mass index 💪 Preserved ejection fr…
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🧠✨ New hope for Alzheimer’s treatment — A Nature study reveals that low brain lithium levels may drive memory loss, amyloid plaques, and tau tangles. Researchers found that lithium orotate, a form less likely to bind amyloid, restored brain lithium, reduced pathology, and even reversed memory loss in mice — without kidney or thyroid toxicity. 💡 If …
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🚨 New Guidance Alert! The 🆕 2025 ACC Expert Consensus on Pericarditis is out — and it’s a game-changer. 🔍 Clearer diagnostic criteria 🖥️ Emphasis on multimodality imaging 💊 Refined therapeutic pathways (NSAIDs, colchicine, IL-1 blockers) 🏥 Stronger case for Pericardial Disease Centers Whether you’re managing acute chest pain or complex recurrences,…
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🚀 New in Nature: Groundbreaking study reveals how the origin of your genes — from mom 👩‍🍼 or dad 👨‍🍼 — can push human growth 📏 and metabolism 🔥 in opposite directions! 🧬 Using data from 236,781 people across UK Biobank, Estonian Biobank, and MoBa, researchers uncovered 30+ parent-of-origin effects (POEs), many showing bipolar impacts — boosting tra…
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🚨 New AHA Scientific Statement 🚨 “Food Is Medicine” isn’t just a slogan—it’s a growing clinical movement. 🍎💉 This systematic review of 14 U.S.-based RCTs explores how Produce Prescriptions (PRx), Medically Tailored Groceries (MTG), and Meals (MTM) impact diet, food insecurity, and health outcomes. 📊 Results show improvements in diet quality and foo…
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🔬 New study in Nature Medicine reveals that not all healthy diets are created equal — even when nutrient content is matched, 🍞 ultra-processed foods (UPFs) hinder weight loss compared to 🥗 minimally processed foods (MPFs). 📉 Participants lost twice as much weight on MPF diets, with greater reductions in fat mass and cravings. 🔍 This landmark trial …
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🚨 New Insights in Heart Failure Management! 💡🫀 Just explored the latest 2025 European Journal of Heart Failure review by Hulot et al. redefining how we view HF recovery. No longer just “improvement” – we now distinguish HFimpEF, remission, and recovery as stages along a phenotypic spectrum. 🔬 Key takeaways: ✅ Relapse still occurs in ~10%/year 🧬 TTN…
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📘 New JAMA Review: Ovarian Cancer – From Symptoms to Survival 🌸 Approximately 21,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer annually in the U.S.—and 80% present with advanced-stage disease. The latest JAMA review by Caruso, Weroha, and Cliby (2025) offers a comprehensive update on: 🧬 Evolving genetic insights (BRCA1/2, HRD, Lynch) 🩺 Diagnostic str…
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🚨 New Insights in Heart Failure Care! 🫀💉 A landmark meta-analysis in Nature Medicine shows that intravenous iron therapy significantly reduces heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular deaths — especially in the first year of treatment. 📉💪 With over 7,000 patients across 6 RCTs, this study reinforces IV iron as a safe, outcome-improving the…
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🚨 Spotlight on Medieval Thought! 🧠📜 Explore the legacy of Anselm of Canterbury—father of Scholasticism and originator of the Ontological Argument for God’s existence. His fusion of faith 🙏 and reason 🧩 shaped Western theology. 🎓 #Philosophy #MedievalStudies #Anselm #TheologyBy MasterMedFacts LLC
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