Conversations on population genetics, evolution, history, books, and culture
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Protos Learning Podcasts
In talent development, we innovate every day and innovation looks different for all of us. The Innovative Learning Strategies Podcast is your invitation to stretch your creativity as you learn with us. From guests who thrive in work that incorporates new ideas to the challenges and surprises that are part of the process, we’re excited to welcome you (and to learn something new with you, too!)
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Covering the biggest news of the century - the arrival of smarter-than-human AI. From the author of Simple Bench, which reveals the remaining gap between LLM and human reasoning. Hype-free, and the British accent is a freebie bonus.
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Monologue: year-end review of Proto-Indo-European origins and humanity's deep evolution and diversity
On this episode of Unsuperivsed Learning Razib reviews two big stories he has followed and written about on this Substack in 2025, Indo-European origins and how genomics has illuminated human evolution. Two Steppes forward, one step back: parsing our Indo-European past The cave where it happened: Denisova cavern’s congress of ancient peoples The wa…
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Today Razib talks to Aneil Mallavarapu, a scientist and technology leader based in Austin, Texas, whose career bridges the fields of biochemistry, systems biology, and software engineering. He earned his doctorate in Biochemistry and Cell Biology from the University of California, and has held academic positions at Harvard Medical School, where he …
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On this episode Razib, talks to Richard Hanania, a returning guest to the podcast. Hanania holds a Ph.D. from UCLA, a J.D. from the University of Chicago, and an undergraduate degree from CU Boulder in linguistics. He is a regular contributor to the Boston Globe and UnHerd, and has his own newsletter. Hanania is also the author of The Origins of Wo…
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On this episode, Razib talks about: Why sex is evolutionarily deep and persists Why males and females exist Cultural norms of patriarchy The feminist revolution and its connection to the rise of modern liberalism Male-female differences in biology (size, strength and anatomy) Male-female differences in psychology How psychological differences impac…
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On this episode, Razib talks to returning guest, Francis Young, a historian who teaches at Oxford. Young specialises in the history of religion and belief from ancient times to the present day, and provides expert indexes for academic books and translates medieval and early modern Latin. He holds a PhD from Cambridge University and is the author, e…
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What the Freakiness of 2025 in AI Tells Us About 2026
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It’s probably not possible to satisfactorily condense a 12 month’s worth of weird progress in AI, as well as predictions for the year to come, into one video. But I’m gonna try anyway because it has been a very strange time. http://matsprogram.org/s26-aie My new app! https://lmcouncil.ai Patreon Interview: https://www.patreon.com/posts/robot-in-you…
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Gemini Exponential, Demis Hassabis' ‘Proto-AGI’ coming, but …
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The condensed highlights of hours of AI lab leader interviews, model releases, Gemini 3 Flash insights (plus it’s hidden flaw), Hassabis’ ‘proto-AGI’ and much more… https://matsprogram.org/apply?utm_source=ai-explained&utm_medium=youtube&utm_campaign=s26 Also, do check out my new app: https://lmcouncil.ai Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 00:50 - Resu…
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On this episode of Unsupervised Learning, Razib again talks to George Washington University archaeologist Eric Cline. The author of 1177 B.C. - The Year Civilization Collapsed and After 1177 B.C. - The Survival of Civilizations, Cline has a new book out, Love, War, and Diplomacy: The Discovery of the Amarna Letters and the Bronze Age World They Rev…
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Full GPT-5.2 breakdown - did OpenAI reclaim the crown? A story of tokens, time and cost, plus 9 details you wouldn’t get just from reading the headlines. https://www.youtube.com/@eightythousandhours AI Insiders ($9!): https://www.patreon.com/AIExplained https://lmcouncil.ai Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 00:55 - Better than Human @ Professional Tas…
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On this episode of Unsupervised Learning Razib talks again with Washington Post columnist and repeat guest Shadi Hamid (listen to previous episodes). A native Pennsylvanian of Egyptian ethnic background and Islamic faith, Hamid completed his Ph.D. in politics at Oxford University. He is co-host of the Wisdom of Crowds podcast and website with Damir…
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You Are Being Told Contradictory Things About AI: 8 examples
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With headlines of an imminent job apocalypse, code red for ChatGPT and recursive self-improvement, at the same time as Anthropic's CEO yesterday saying we know how to scale to AGI, and Gemini 3 DeepThink out today, it is easy to get lost among the narratives and counter-narratives. So here are both, plus the facts behind them, for you to decide. ht…
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Cyber week deals continue. Lock in a lifetime subscription rate 25% off. Annual subscriptions now at $59/year (a $20 savings). This is my only yearly sale. Thanks for reading and thanks for subscribing! On this episode, Razib talks to Vishal Ganesan and Anang Mittal, two Indian-American Hindus who have been thinking about the role of their faith in…
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On this very special episode, Razib talks to paleoanthroplogists John Hawks and Chris Stringer. Hawks is a paleoanthropologist who has been a researcher and commentator in human evolutionary biology and paleoanthropology for over two decades. With a widely read weblog (now on Substack), a book on Homo naledi, and highly cited scientific papers, Haw…
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Today Razib talks to Sean Trende. He is a prominent American political analyst who currently serves as the Senior Elections Analyst for RealClearPolitics, a position he has held since 2010. He is also a Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and a lecturer at The Ohio State University, where he earned his Ph.D. in political science in 20…
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Gemini 3 is Here: 11 Details You Might Have Missed
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Gemini 3 Pro is out, and records fell like snowflakes in Svalbard. No long description, chapters or links today, huge technical difficulties, including with audio, so just want to publish asap. https://app.grayswan.ai/ai-explained https://lmcouncil.ai AI Insiders ($9!): https://www.patreon.com/AIExplained Non-hype Newsletter: https://signaltonoise.…
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Is GPT-5.1 Really an Upgrade? But Models Can Auto-Hack Govts, so … there’s that
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A lot just got released in the last 36 hours, and it will all affect hundreds of millions of people. 10 details you would miss if you just read the headlines, from GPT 5.1 regressions, to how Claude hacked Govt Agencies, to SIMA 2, and Musical Turing Tests. https://assemblyai.com/aiexplained Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 00:56 - GPT 5.1 Smarter? 0…
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This week on the Unsupervised Learning Podcast, Razib talks to returning guest Alex Young of UCLA and Herasight. Trained originally as a mathematician, Young studied statistics and computational biology at the University of Cambridge before doing a doctorate in genomic medicine and statistics at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Univers…
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Bubble or No Bubble, AI Keeps Progressing (ft. Relentless Learning + Introspection)
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Don’t let headlines about bubbles distract you from the real avenues of progress being explored in AI every week, including what had been thought to be a long-term blocker - continual learning (learning on the fly). https://app.grayswan.ai/ai-explained This, plus models introspecting (hesitate before you berate), Nano Banana 2 possibly spotted, Chi…
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Sora 2 - It will only get more realistic from here
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Sora 2 - the start of the infinite slop-feed or a key step to a generalist agent? Better than VEO 3 or over-hyped? I bring out 6 details you may have missed, contrast the announcement to Periodic Labs and even squeeze in some Claude Sonnet 4.5 analysis. Maybe I should make my videos longer… https://80000hours.org/aiexplained AI Insiders ($9!): http…
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OpenAI Tests if GPT-5 Can Automate Your Job - 4 Unexpected Findings
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An OpenAI report released in the last 24 hours is the best look we have as to whether 2025 AI can automate your job. I’ll go through 4 unexpected findings, from which model is best at what, to practical tips and massive caveats. Plus UFC robots, radiologist essay, don’t trust videos and the blockers to the singularity. Gray Swan: https://app.graysw…
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ChatGPT Will Guess your Age, Flirt if Asked, and Can Call the Cops
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Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, announced a set of new ‘protections’ and ‘privileges’ for ChatGPT users, requiring a significant amount of trust from users. From predicting your age based on your chat to calling law enforcement if you are at risk of harm, to allowing non-minors to flirt. But amidst all of these announcements, there are interview snippet…
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An ‘AI Bubble’? What Altman Actually said, the Facts and Nano Banana
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Wait, why did Sam Altman say AI was in a bubble? Or did he? Is it? 8 points for you to consider, before we all get distracted by Nano Banana. Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 01:14 - Sam Altman Clarification 02:30 - Media Calls a Bubble (for the tenth time) 03:40 - MIT and McKinsey Analysed 08:21 - Incremental Progress Deceptive 12:07 - Reasoning Bre…
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GPT-5 will change how hundreds of millions of people use AI. Yes, you might have to forgive the chart crimes, the underwhelming livestream and Altman hype… But it’s a good model. I have read the 50 page system card in full, have the benchmark scores, coding tests, and things you might have missed. https://app.grayswan.ai/ai-explained Announcement: …
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Genie 3: The World Becomes Playable (DeepMind)
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Soon, anything will be playable. A photo becomes an interactive world, a selfie becomes a new game. Genie 3 from Google, debuting just 2 hours ago, is what I mean, and I have the full analysis, plus the pushback I gave the authors (will it really lead to reliable AI agents? Is that even the point?). You make your own mind up, but it’s certainly fas…
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How Not to Read a Headline on AI (ft. new Olympiad Gold, GPT-5 …)
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GPT-5 did what? OpenAI ahead of Google? There are 9 ways to misread the headlines of the last 48 hours, so this video is here to tell you what happened, sans sizzle. It’s been a fairly momentous last few days, so let’s dive in to the International Math Olympiad Gold, GPT-5 alpha release, whether mathematicians are out of jobs, and the white collar …
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Grok 4 is here, but did you know these 10 things about the new model? From benchmark caveats to soloing science, $300 a month secrets to Grok 5 promises, here's 10 new things to know in just under 12 minutes. AI Insiders ($9!): https://www.patreon.com/AIExplained Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 00:22 - Benchmark Results 02:11 - Benchmark Caveats 02:…
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When Will AI Models Blackmail You, and Why?
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In the last few days Anthropic have released an impressive honest account of how all models blackmail, no matter what goal they have, and despite prompt warnings, and other preventions. But do these models *want* this? Thanks to Storyblocks for sponsoring this video! Download unlimited stock media at one set price with Storyblocks: storyblocks.com/…
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Apple’s ‘AI Can’t Reason’ Claim Seen By 13M+, What You Need to Know
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What to make of those headlines that AI can’t reason, seen by tens of millions? I cover the paper in layman’s terms, what it means and doesn’t mean, and what’s next. Thanks to Storyblocks for sponsoring this video! Download unlimited stock media at one set price with Storyblocks: https://storyblocks.com/AIExplained Plus o3-pro and whether it is my …
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AI Accelerates: New Gemini Model + AI Unemployment Stories Analysed
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There’s a new best language model, so let’s go through the up and downs of Gemini 2.5 Pro 06-05. Record-breaking common-sense, but dumb mistakes remain. And it’s not even their best model, which remains behind the scenes - Gemini 2.5 Ultra. Plus Sundar Pichai’s AGI date and an analysis of whether the current AI unemployment headlines are justified,…
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Claude 4: Full 120 Page Breakdown … Is it the Best New Model?
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Not only did I get early access and ran my own tests, as per the title I read both the 120 page Claude 4 Opus and Claude 4 Sonnet System Card, and 25 page report on ASL-3 being triggered, plus the 2 hour launch video, and surrounding coverage. Ft. coding tests, Simple, twitter controversies, deep alignment coverage, spiritual bliss and much more! h…
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Google Takes No Prisoners Amid Torrent of AI Announcements
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Google just announced at least 12 things that are each worthy of a video, but here are the top I/O highlights. From Veo 3 to Deep Research now being useable, Deep Think breaking records to Gemini Diffusion, Gemini 2.5 Flash changing how AI is priced and GemmaVerse, SynthID Detector and Imagen 4. And even this intro is missing other announcements co…
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