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EP Edge Journal Watch

Niraj Sharma MD FACC FHRS

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Welcome to EP Edge Journal Watch — where cardiac electrophysiology meets evidence, precision, and perspective. Hosted by Dr. Niraj Sharma, this bi-weekly podcast distills high-impact cardiovascular and EP research into clear, clinically meaningful insights. Each episode goes beyond headlines and abstracts to uncover what new studies actually mean for patient care, decision-making, and the future of electrophysiology. What EP Edge Journal Watch stands for: Evidence-based practice Precision el ...
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Welcome to CardioNerds, where we bring you in-depth discussions with leading experts, case reports, and updates on the latest advancements in the world of cardiology. Tune in to expand your knowledge, sharpen your skills, and become a true CardioNerd!
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I'm Paul from PassACLS.com and I'm here to help you pass ACLS. Like an audio flash card, this podcast is intended to aid any medical professional preparing for an Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) class. Each three-to-nine minute episode covers one of the skills needed to recognize a stroke or cardiac emergency and work as a high performing team to deliver safe, quality patient care. Listening to a tip a day for a few weeks prior to your ACLS class will help cement the core concept ...
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In this episode, the CardioNerds (Dr. Naima Maqsood, Dr. Akiva Rosenzveig, and Dr. Colin Blumenthal) are joined by renowned educator in electrophysiology, Dr. Joshua Cooper, to discuss everything atrial flutter; from anatomy and pathophysiology to diagnosis and management. Dr. Cooper’s expert teaching comes through as Dr. Cooper vividly describes a…
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Identification of Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) & Atrial Flutter on the ECG and the treatment of unstable and stable SVT patients with A-Fib/Flutter. The ECG characteristics of A-Fib and A-Flutter. Recognition and treatment of unstable patients in A-Fib/Flutter with rapid ventricular response (RVR). Suggested energy settings for synchronized cardiove…
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Smartwatches are now among the most widely used heart-monitoring tools in the world — but how accurate are they really at detecting AFib? In this December 2025 Issue 3 of EP-Edge Journal Watch, Dr. Niraj Sharma, cardiologist and cardiac electrophysiologist, breaks down the strongest evidence to date on smartwatch AFib detection, Apple Watch ECG per…
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Accidental hypothermia is one of the Hs in ACLS’s reversible H&T cause of cardiac arrest. Hypothermic patients aren't dead until they are warm and dead. As the body’s temperature drops below 36° C, hypothermia may be classified as moderate or severe. Modifying the ACLS Adult Cardiac Arrest algorithm for patients with severe hypothermia. Following t…
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The use of calcium channel blocker medications for tachycardias refractory to Adenosine and to lower the blood pressure of hypertensive stroke patients. Calcium is one of the ions that move across the cellular membrane during cardiac contraction and relaxation. The primary use of calcium channel blockers in ACLS. Use of calcium channel blockers for…
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In this episode, the CardioNerds (Dr. Rachel Goodman, Dr. Shazli Khan, and Dr. Jenna Skowronski) discuss a case of AMI-shock with a focus on listing for heart transplant with faculty expert Dr. Kelly Schlendorf. We dive into the world of pre-transplant management, discuss the current allocation system, and additional factors that impact transplant …
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Review the ACLS treatment goals and targeted temperature management (TTM) for post-arrest patients that have return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Post-arrest care and recovery are the final two links in the chain of survival. Identification of ROSC during CPR. Initial patient management goals after identifying ROSC. Indications for starting TT…
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Review the indications, contraindications, and safe administration of nitroglycerine to Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients with ischemic chest pain. Nitroglycerine’s effects. Assessment of vital signs prior to administering nitro. Indications for use of nitroglycerine. Nitroglycerine's contraindications & considerations for use. Use of nitro wi…
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CardioNerds (Dr. Kelly Arps, Dr. Naima Maqsood, and Dr. Elizabeth Davis) discuss chronic AF management with Dr. Edmond Cronin. This episode seeks to explore the chronic management of atrial fibrillation (AF) as described by the 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College …
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Review of Tablets & Toxins as an ACLS H &T reversible causes of cardiac arrest with some specific, commonly encountered examples. The majority of toxins don’t have a specific antidote. There are a few toxins for which we have emergency interventions and ACLS providers should be familiar with. Reviewing the patient's medical history for indicators t…
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Why we use algorithms. Generally speaking, if there’s a change in a patient’s condition, we should ensure we’re using the correct algorithm. Three key points to remember when using ACLS algorithms. Walk through of an example mega code scenario with explanations of when and why we change to a different ACLS algorithm. Good luck with your ACLS class!…
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Review of when we should consider beta blocker use in ACLS's Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) & Tachycardia algorithms and when they're contraindicated. Beta blocking medications attach to Beta receptors to inhibit or “block” the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline)and norepinephrine in the body. The primary locations of Beta I, II, and III receptors. …
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A review of advanced airway use in ACLS’s Adult Cardiac Arrest algorithm including: advantages, types, insertion, and monitoring ETCO2. When we should consider insertion of an advanced airway for patients in a shockable vs non-shockable rhythm. In addition to an endotracheal tube (ETT), other ACLS advanced airways. The advantages of using an advanc…
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Indications & use of an antiarrhythmic infusion of Amiodarone or Lidocaine for cardiac arrest patients that have return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Our primary focus immediately following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Post-arrest goals for O2 saturation, ETCO2, and BP/MAP. Indications for use of an antiarrhythmic after ROSC. Dete…
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Hydrogen ions is on one of the Hs in ACLS's H&T reversible causes of cardiac arrest. When considering hydrogen ions as a cause, what we’re looking at is the patient’s pH, or acid/base balance, and conditions that affect it. The body's normal pH. Using patient history, ABGs, & labs to determine acidosis or alkalosis. Common conditions/causes that ma…
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BLS & ACLS's Adult Cardiac Arrest algorithm makes it easier to act as team leader during a code by following an If/Then methodology. Review of BLS steps for determining if rescue breathing or CPR is needed and use of an AED for patients in cardiac arrest. If the patient is in a non-shockable rhythm on the ECG such as PEA or asystole, we will go dow…
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In this special EP Edge Journal Watch episode, Dr. Niraj Sharma delivers a critical analysis of the landmark AQUATIC Trial, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (October 2025). This pivotal study explores optimal antithrombotic strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) — balancing ischemic pr…
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Review of aspirin's mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, and administration for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stroke. Aspirin's mechanism of action & benefits for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients. Contraindications and considerations for aspirin’s use. The dose and route of administration of aspirin for ACS pa…
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CardioNerds kicks off its advanced therapies series with Chair of the CardioNerds Heart Failure Council, Dr. Jenna Skowronski, co-chair of the series, Dr. Shazli Khan, and Episode FIT lead, Dr. Jason Feinman. In this first episode, they discuss the process of advanced therapies evaluation with Dr. Michelle Kittleson, Professor of Medicine and Direc…
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Review of lead II ECG characteristics, rules to identify first and third degree heart blocks, and treatment following the ACLS Bradycardia algorithm. To pass ACLS, you will need to be able to identify common rhythms on a monitor during your mega code and ECG strips on your written exam. Review of normal ECG morphology in lead II. Characteristics of…
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Review of antiarrhythmic medications Amiodarone & Lidocaine for use in ACLS's Adult Cardiac Arrest, Post Arrest, and Tachycardia algorithms. The two first-line ACLS antiarrhythmics that are generally used. Lidocaine dosing and administration to patients in persistent V-Fib or pulseless V-Tach. Amiodarone dosing and administration to patients in per…
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Review the indications, contraindications, sizing, and insertion of the nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) to maintain the airway of patients with a gag reflex. The tongue is the most common airway obstruction in an unconscious patient. When the nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) should be used as an alternative to the oropharyngeal airway (OPA). Examples of whe…
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In this second episode of a collaborative series with the AHA Women in Cardiology (WIC) Committee, CardioNerds (Dr. Gurleen Kaur and Dr. Anna Radhakrishnan) are joined by four leading experts in Cardio-Obstetrics to explore this rapidly evolving field. Dr. Rina Mauricio (Director of Women's Cardiovascular Health and Cardio-Obstetrics at UT Southwes…
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The causes, physiology, signs & symptoms, and treatment of cardiac tamponade as an ACLS H&T reversible cause of cardiac arrest. When blood, or other fluids, accumulate in the sac around the heart it’s called a cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade. The effects of tamponade on the electrical system and chambers of the heart. Cardiac tamponade c…
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The role of team leader, code team responsibilities, and the use of reference cards during your ACLS class megacode and written exam. Two things have changed in recent years to aid students that don't use ACLS in their daily practice. The team leader’s roles and responsibilities. Using closed-loop communication and speaking up if there’s any doubt …
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In this episode, Dr. Niraj Sharma breaks down six pivotal studies shaping today’s electrophysiology and cardiology practice—from lifestyle-driven AF control (ARREST-AF) and post-CABG atrial fibrillation management to the DOAC + aspirin conundrum in stable CAD, the return of digitoxin in HFrEF, insights from CABANA-Substudy, and the latest ICD regis…
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Early CPR and defibrillation improve cardiac arrest outcomes. Here's why CPR is important and five ACLS tips to reduce CPR interruptions. Two factors to cardiac arrest survivability that have been clearly shown to make the most difference. The most common dysrhythmia present during the first few minutes of cardiac arrest. How our chance of successf…
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In this inaugural episode, Dr. Niraj Sharma breaks down three pivotal studies that could shift daily EP practice: How high-normal potassium targeting can reduce VT burden (POT-CAST trial). When GDMT withdrawal may be safe after recovery from tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Why adverse pregnancy outcomes may predict long-term AF risk. Get the si…
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The use of quantitative waveform capnography in ACLS to confirm good CPR and placement of an ET tube, identify ROSC, and during post-cardiac arrest care. Waveform capnography use with, and without, an advanced airway in place. Monitoring end tidal CO2 during rescue breathing. Use of capnography to objectively measure good CPR. Capnography is a pref…
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Dr. Jeanne De Lavallaz and Dr. Ramy Doss discuss the results of the  TRANSFORM-AF Trial with expert faculty Dr. Sanjeev Saksena and Dr. Varun Sundaram. The TRANSFORM-AF trial enrolled 2,510 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), type 2 diabetes, and obesity across 170 Veterans Affairs hospitals to evaluate the impact of diabetes-dose GLP-1 recepto…
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Review of vagal maneuvers and alternative treatments used in ACLS for stable patients with tachycardia at a rate over 150 bpm. Narrow complex tachycardia with a rate over 150 BPM. Unstable patients in SVT, or V-Tach with a pulse, should be cardioverted with a synchronized shock. Assessment & treatment of stable tachycardic patients. Commonly used v…
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Review the energy settings needed for defibrillation and/or synchronized cardioversion using an AED, biphasic, or monophasic defibrillator. Defibrillators three basic categories. Use of an AED to rapidly deliver a shock. Advantages & use of biphasic defibrillators. Energy for monophasic defibrillators to defibrillate V-Fib or pulseless V-Tach. AED …
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Bradycardia review including: stable vs unstable patients; assessment & monitoring; and ACLS treatment with Atropine, TCP, Dopamine, & Epinephrine drips. Signs & symptoms that indicate a bradycardic patient is unstable. Monitoring oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry and indications for administration of oxygen. Calcium channel blockers and beta b…
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Dr. Naima Maqsood, Dr. Kelly Arps, and Dr. Jake Roberts discuss the acute management of atrial fibrillation with guest expert Dr. Jonathan Chrispin. Episode audio was edited by CardioNerds Intern Dr. Bhavya Shah.This episode reviews acute management strategies for atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is the most common chronic arrhythmia worldw…
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Review the ACLS treatment goals and targeted temperature management (TTM) for post-arrest patients that have return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The goal of CPR. Post-arrest care and recovery are the final two links in the chain of survival. Identification of ROSC during CPR. Initial patient management goals after identifying ROSC. The patien…
  continue reading
 
Review the chain of survival for cardiac and stroke emergencies and describe why strong EMS relations and specialized teams have better patient outcomes. The chain of survival for ACLS is the same as was learned in your BLS class. The beginning steps of the Cardiac Emergency and Stroke chain of survival. ACLS's timed goals for first medical contact…
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Review of hypokalemia & hyperkalemia as reversible H&T causes of cardiac arrest including: medical conditions, ECG changes, lab values, and treatment. Heart muscle contraction and repolarization is dependent on Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium ions crossing cellular membranes. When a patient’s potassium levels get too low or too high, hypo…
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Improved stroke outcomes have been shown when EMS transports to a stroke center and patients receive assessment, CT, & thrombolytics within these time frames. When treating patients having an MI or stroke, more minutes equals more dead cells. Because the majority of strokes are the ischemic type, the treatment for stroke is similar to an MI – to re…
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Review the indications, dosing, & administration of Adenosine for patients in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) following ACLS's Tachycardia algorithm. Adenosine is the first IV medication given to stable patients with sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) refractory to vagal maneuvers. Symptoms indicating a stable vs unstable patient. Comm…
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One method of interpreting ECGs to identify the characteristics of second-degree AV blocks and the treatment of unstable bradycardia patients with them. To pass the written ACLS exam and mega code, students need to be able to identify basic ECG dysrhythmias, including the two types of second-degree heart block. One method of ECG rhythm identificati…
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Review the indications for oxygen administration and monitoring O2 saturation with pulse oximetry for patients in various ACLS algorithms. The O in MONA is Oxygen. When we should administer oxygen to ACS patients. When O2 administration is unnecessary based on an accurate pulse ox. Monitoring patient's oxygen saturation (SaO2) using a pulse oximete…
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In this powerful kickoff to a collaborative series with the AHA Women in Cardiology (WIC) Committee, CardioNerds (Dr. Apoorva Gangavelli, Dr. Gurleen Kaur, and Dr. Jenna Skowronski) explore the evolving landscape of women in advanced heart failure and transplant cardiology, featuring insights from two inspiring leaders in the field. Dr. Mariell Jes…
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CardioNerds (Dr. Abby Frederickson, Dr. Claire Cambron, and Dr. Rawan Amir) are joined by Dr. Leigh Reardon for a powerful conversation on navigating adult congenital heart disease as both a patient and provider. Dr. Reardon shares his personal journey with congenital heart disease and how it shaped his path to becoming an expert in the field himse…
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Dr. Kelly Arps, Dr. Naima Maqsood, and Dr. Sahi Allam discuss modifiable risk factors and lifestyle management of atrial fibrillation with Dr. Prash Sanders. Atrial fibrillation is becoming more prevalent across the world as people are living longer with cardiovascular disease. While much of our current focus lies on the pharmacological and procedu…
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CardioNerds (Drs. Amit Goyal, Elizabeth Davis, and Keerthi Gondi) discuss the approach to asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis with expert faculty Drs. Parth Desai and Tony Bavry. They review the natural history of aortic stenosis, current guidelines for treating severe aortic stenosis, multiparametric risk stratification, trial data on aortic valve…
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CardioNerds join Dr. Neel Patel, Dr. Victoria Odeleye, and Dr. Jay Ramsay from the University of Tennessee, Nashville, for a deep dive into cardiovascular medicine in the vibrant city of Nashville. They discuss the following case: A 57-year-old male with a history of prior cardiac surgery, hypertension, and polysubstance use presented with syncope …
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CardioNerds guest host Dr. Colin Blumenthal joins Dr. Juma Bin Firos and Dr. Aishwarya Verma from the Trinity Health Livonia Hospital to discuss a fascinating case involving malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Expert commentary is provided by Dr. Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri. Audio editing for this episode was performed by CardioNerds Intern,Julia Marques …
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CardioNerds (Drs. Rick Ferraro and Georgia Vasilakis Tsatiris) discuss ATTR cardiac amyloidosis with expert Dr. Justin Grodin. This episode is a must-listen for all who want to know how to diagnose and treat ATTR with current available therapies, as well as management of concomitant diseases through a multidisciplinary approach. We take a deep dive…
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CardioNerds (Dr. Rick Ferraro and Dr. Dan Ambinder) join Dr. Sahar Samimi and Dr. Lorraine Mascarenhas from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, at the Houston Rodeo for some tasty Texas BBQ and a tour of the lively rodeo grounds to discuss an interesting case full of clinical pearls involving a patient with nonbacterial thrombotic endocardi…
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Drs. Rick Ferraro and Sneha Nandy discuss ‘Diagnosis of ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis’ with Dr. Venkatesh Murthy. In this episode, we explore the diagnosis of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis, a condition once considered rare but now increasingly recognized due to advances in imaging and the availability of effective therapies. Dr. Venkatesh Murthy, a leader in…
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