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Cardiovascular Matters

Dr. Craig Walker & Terry Roberts

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Cardiovascular matters is here to give you the best information available concerning the causes, symtoms, treatments and prevention of health related issues stemming from cardiovascular disease.
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World Heart Podcasts

World Heart Federation

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Our podcast series unravel big and small ideas, developments, and breakthroughs in cardiology. From vital issues such as how to prevent cardiovascular disease, to the latest in treatment and care for the millions of people affected by it, we take our listeners on an exploratory journey. A journey towards stronger health systems and healthier hearts. The podcasts feature conversations with practitioners and authors of key publications and discoveries. From our heart to yours, thank you for le ...
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Explore extraordinary healing stories achieved through Medical Medium’s teachings and other alternative healing modalities plus practical solutions to help you live your healthiest life. Hosted by Kerstin Ramstrom, who has followed Medical Medium’s teachings since 2015. After struggling with chronic illness for decades, Kerstin pursued her quest for healing by overhauling her eating habits after learning about the healing power of fruits and vegetables and by pursuing emotional healing strat ...
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ACL Tear — NPTE Cheat Sheet What it is: ACL failure from excessive anterior tibial translation — basically the tibia tries to run off and the ACL can’t hold the line. Classic signs: Pop Immediate swelling (1–2 hours) Pivot / cutting mechanism Instability Difficulty weight-bearing Rule-in test: Lachman test — NPTE’s #1. Rule-out clues: Slow swelling…
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SHOW NOTES — Red Flags for Cancer (Cheat Sheet) What it is: Non-mechanical symptoms raising suspicion for malignancy. Classic signs: Night pain Unexplained weight loss Constant, deep ache No mechanical pattern History of cancer Rule-in test: None — this is a screening cluster. Rule-out clues: Pain that changes with movement or position. NPTE trap: …
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MCL Injury — NPTE Cheat Sheet What it is: Sprain/tear of the MCL from valgus force or lateral blow. Classic signs: Medial knee pain Pain with valgus stress Local tenderness Mild swelling Lateral blow mechanism Rule-in test: Valgus Stress Test at 30° Rule-out clues: Pop + immediate swelling → ACL Locking → Meniscus Posterior sag → PCL NPTE trap: Val…
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PCL Injury — NPTE Cheat Sheet What it is: Injury to the posterior cruciate ligament from excessive posterior translation of the tibia — often from dashboard impact or falling on a flexed knee. Classic signs: Posterior sag sign Posterior knee pain Difficulty descending stairs Instability (less dramatic than ACL) Dashboard injury mechanism Rule-in te…
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Meniscus Tear — NPTE Cheat Sheet What it is: Injury to the medial or lateral meniscus — the knee’s shock-absorbing cartilage — often caused by twisting or deep flexion. Classic signs: Joint line pain Locking or catching Clicking Delayed swelling (24–48 hours) Pain with squatting/twisting Rule-in test: McMurray test (NPTE’s go-to) Rule-out clues: Im…
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BPPV — NPTE Cheat Sheet What it is: Otoconia displaced into a semicircular canal (ear crystals where they shouldn’t be). Classic signs: Brief vertigo (<60 sec), triggered by position changes, upbeating torsional nystagmus, no hearing loss. Rule-in test: Dix-Hallpike. Rule-out clues: Long-lasting vertigo, neuro deficits, hearing symptoms → think neu…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts explore one of the most common — and potentially dangerous — heart rhythm disorders: Atrial Fibrillation (AFib). Dr. Walker breaks down this complex condition in simple, practical terms and discusses: ✔ What atrial fibrillation is and how it disrupts the heart’s …
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Send us a text World Heart Federation host Shreya Shrikhande speaks with Mike Lane from the Amyloidosis Army and David Gregory from the Amyloidosis Alliance on their powerful journeys with ATTR-CM. They share the challenges of misdiagnosis, treatment access, community support, and the urgent need for awareness and early detection of transthyretin a…
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Dr. Harlan Krumholz reviews the STEP trial, which studied over 8,500 older adults in China to compare intensive versus standard blood pressure control. The trial found that lowering systolic blood pressure to 110–130 mm Hg significantly reduced major cardiovascular events by 26% without added safety risks, confirming benefits previously shown in th…
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Send us a text Host Pablo Perel and co-host Prof. Raul Santos talk with Dr Jiao Luo about Mendelian randomisation (MR) in cardiovascular research, what it is, core assumptions (relevance, independence, no horizontal pleiotropy), common pitfalls (weak instruments, population mismatch, non-linearity), and how to read MR papers. The episode references…
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In this episode of JACC Deep Dive, Editor-in-Chief Dr. Harlan Krumholz explores groundbreaking findings from the CLEAR-IE registry—the largest study to date on percutaneous mechanical aspiration (PMA) for right-sided infective endocarditis. He discusses the procedure's feasibility, outcomes, and its role alongside surgery, offering insights into ho…
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In this JACC Deep Dive, Dr. Harlan Krumholz highlights a study by Ikemura et al. that used data from the ISCHEMIA trial to model how angina symptoms evolve over three years in patients with stable coronary disease treated either invasively or conservatively. The study identified six distinct symptom trajectories, showing that while most patients im…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts explain the vital role of coronary calcium scores in assessing your heart disease risk. Dr. Walker discusses: ✔ What the coronary calcium score test measures and why it's important. ✔ How calcium buildup relates directly to heart disease risk. ✔ Who should consid…
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In this JACC Deep Dive, Dr. Harlan Krumholz discusses a pre-specified analysis from the SUMMIT trial, which evaluated the effects of tirzepatide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity, both with and without type 2 diabetes. The study found that tirzepatide significantly improved symptoms, function, and r…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! Join Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts as they discuss groundbreaking new medications revolutionizing cardiovascular treatment. In this episode, you'll learn about: ✔ The latest FDA-approved medications for cardiovascular disease prevention. ✔ How these drugs effectively manage cholesterol and diabetes. ✔ Reducin…
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In this Deep Dive, Editor-in-Chief Dr. Harlan Krumholz explores a pragmatic, randomized crossover trial testing whether in-home HEPA filtration can reduce blood pressure in adults living near high-traffic roadways. The findings offer early insights into how targeted environmental interventions may influence cardiovascular risk—especially among indi…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts shed light on microvascular heart disease, a condition that affects many women — and is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Dr. Walker explains: ✔ What microvascular disease is and how it differs from large vessel heart disease. ✔ Why women are more frequently affe…
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In this episode of JACC Deep Dive, Dr. Harlan Krumholz explores new insights from a post hoc analysis of the MASTER DAPT trial, highlighting the real-world burden of ischemic and bleeding events in high bleeding risk patients after PCI. By examining recurrent—not just first—events, the study sheds light on how abbreviated dual antiplatelet therapy …
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In this episode of JACC Deep Dive, KACC Editor-in-Chief Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, FACC, explores a post hoc analysis of the HELIOS-B trial, which examined whether echocardiographic parameters can track treatment response in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) patients treated with vutrisiran. The study found that changes in cardiac fun…
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JACC focuses in again on Lipids in our June 3 issue, bringing critical insights into emerging targeted therapies. In the June 3 Deep Dive, editor-in-chief Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, FACC, reviews the INTERASPIRE study by Ray et al, reviewing implications, key findings, and a thoughtful summary and analysis of the reviewer findings.…
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Go behind the scenes with JACC as editor-in-chief Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, FACC, talks about what 's caught his attention in the latest JACC issue on amyloid. In this paper by Sheikh et al, the authors did a pre-specified exploratory analysis from the HELIOS-B trial, evaluating vutrisiran in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (AT…
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Join JACC Editor in Chief Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM, as he speaks about this ACC.25 presentation published in JACC. This fascinating study by Rohan Khera et al independently analyzed patient-level data from the SURMOUNT trials of tirzepatide for obesity. The study revealed striking individual variability in weight loss and metabolic response, even to…
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This JACC Deep Dive in our May 13 issue highlights new findings from the SUMMIT CKD study, showing that terzepatide improves symptoms, function, and weight in patients with HFpEF and obesity—regardless of kidney function. The analysis also underscores the importance of using both creatinine and cystatin C to better assess kidney health. Reviewers p…
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In this JACC Deep Dive episode, Dr. Harlan Krumholz reviews the ADVANTAGE-AF trial, which evaluated pulse field ablation (PFA) as a treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation. The study demonstrated that PFA is a safe and effective approach, with strong symptomatic outcomes and a low complication rate, though questions remain about long-term dura…
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In a Deep Dive in our May 13 issue, Editor-in-Chief Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM, FACC, discusses a study led by Barry Borlaug that investigates whether excess weight or metabolic dysfunction has a greater impact on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The findings showed that obesity—more than insulin resistance—was strongly associat…
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In this JACC Deep Dive episode, Editor-in-Chief Dr. Harlan Krumholz discusses a major study on sudden cardiac arrest in young competitive athletes, highlighting survival rates, causes, and racial disparities. The study shows that survival improves dramatically with immediate AED use and has increased over time, emphasizing the need for widespread e…
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In this in-depth analysis of the Altshock-2 trial (Study on Early Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Placement in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock), Harlan M Krumholz, MD, FACC, goes deep into the study and its two related editorials. Listen here for this unique behind-the-scenes look at the review process, plus a thoughtfu…
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In this JACC Deep Dive, Editor-in-Chief Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, discusses a large real-world study by Min et al. examining heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) in over 24,000 patients. The study found that while EF improvement is common (30%), true remission is rare and relapse occurs in about 25% of cases—highlighting the ne…
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Send us a text In this episode, host Pablo Perel speaks with Mr. Girma Dessie and Dr. Andrew Moran about a powerful example of real-world cardiovascular implementation research from Ethiopia. Mr. Dessie presents a recent study investigating why patients enrolled in a hypertension program were missing follow-up visits, despite strong program support…
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JACC's July 29 issue explores why the ACURATE neo2 valve failed in its IDE trial, with a post-hoc analysis pointing to under-expansion in heavily calcified anatomies as a potential culprit. Though the valve is off the market, the findings raise critical questions about procedural success, device design, and future innovation in TAVR. Listen to our …
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In this JACC Deep Dive, JACC Editor in Chief Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, explores a study led by Dr. Pradeep Natarajan that evaluates how well the new AHA PREVENT risk equations predict cardiovascular events across four major U.S. health systems. The study found wide variation in performance—PREVENT was well-calibrated at Penn Medicine but signific…
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In this JACC Deep Dive, Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, FACC reviews a study by Covani, et al that uses OCT imaging in over 1,500 ACS patients to show how increasing cardiovascular risk factor burden—like smoking, diabetes, and hypertension—is strongly associated with vulnerable plaque features such as thin caps, inflammation, and rupture. The findings…
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In this JACC Deep Dive, Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, FACC, discusses a new study in the July 8 issue of JACC, authored by Saket Girotra MD, SM, et al. In the study, which links national registry and Medicare data, the authors found striking hospital-level variation in cardiac arrest rates and outcomes—and identified better nurse staffing as a key fa…
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Send us a text This episode is hosted by Sean Taylor, Director of Science and Public Health at the World Heart Federation, and Shreya Shrikhande, Science and Public Health Officer in the same team. They speak with two patients, Maria and Chandrima, who share their personal journeys with angina. Although their experiences are different—one facing ye…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts dive into peripheral artery disease (PAD), a widespread yet frequently unnoticed condition that significantly increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and amputation. Peripheral artery disease can silently progress without noticeable symptoms, especially in ol…
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Send us a text In this episode, we explore the key findings of the World Heart Report 2025, which focuses on obesity and cardiovascular disease. The report’s lead authors, Professor Mariachiara Di Cesare from the University of Essex and Professor Francisco Lopez-Jimenez from the Mayo Clinic, delve into why obesity remains one of the most neglected …
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts tackle the serious condition known as critical limb ischemia (CLI), a leading cause of limb amputation. Critical limb ischemia occurs when blockages severely reduce blood flow to the legs, causing pain, ulcers, and gangrene. Dr. Walker shares: ✔ How to recognize …
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts discuss pelvic congestion syndrome, a condition that significantly impacts the quality of life but is frequently misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Pelvic congestion syndrome involves the improper drainage of blood through the veins in the pelvis, leading to various…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts delve into the topic of small vessel disease, an often overlooked condition that affects more women than men but is crucial to understand for both. Small vessel disease can lead to serious cardiovascular events due to the obstruction of the smallest blood vessels…
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Send us a text In this episode, we explore the 2025 WHO guidelines on the use of low-sodium salt substitutes. Prof. Mary L’Abbé, a member of the WHO guideline development group, explains the evidence, recommendations, and key considerations behind this important new guideline. Later, Prof. Jaime Miranda reflects on the global public health implicat…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts discuss one of the most common yet crucial questions: When should you go in for a cardiovascular checkup? Heart disease remains the #1 cause of death, but early detection can save lives. Dr. Walker explains: ✔ Who is at highest risk for heart disease. ✔ The 5 maj…
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Discover how a groundbreaking class of medications, GLP-1 agonists, are revolutionizing the treatment of sleep apnea. In this insightful discussion, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts delve into the profound impact these drugs can have on addressing the underlying causes of sleep apnea, particularly obesity. Explore the recent approval of Trulicity…
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Send us a text Wrap up February with the latest episode of the World Heart Podcast! This time, hosts Lisa Hadeed and Shreya Shrikhande, PhD welcome Prof. Laurence (Larry) Sperling, a leading expert in preventive cardiology, to discuss the critical connection between influenza and heart health. Prof. Sperling shares key insights on how the flu can i…
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Welcome to Cardiovascular Matters! In this episode, Dr. Craig Walker and Terry Roberts tackle an important question: How do you know if you're at risk for heart disease, even if you feel fine? Many people appear to be in perfect health—until they suffer a sudden cardiac event. This leaves loved ones wondering, Could it have been prevented? Dr. Walk…
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Send us a text Kick off 2025 with the Global Heart Podcast! Our January episode features Dr. Raul Santos, Global Heart's new Editor-in-Chief, and Dr. Jagat Narula, WHF President, sharing their inspiring visions for advancing global cardiovascular research through Global Heart and the World Heart Federation to improve heart health worldwide.…
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Welcome to Episode 23 of Cardiovascular Matters! In this inspiring episode, Terry Roberts shares his incredible journey of losing over 100 pounds in just eight months, thanks to groundbreaking GLP-1 medications and guidance from Dr. Craig Walker, founder of the Cardiovascular Institute of the South. In this episode, you’ll learn: The impact of obes…
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Welcome to Episode 22 of Cardiovascular Matters! In this engaging discussion, Terry Roberts and Dr. Craig Walker, founder of the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, dive deep into one of the most asked questions about cardiovascular health: statins and cholesterol management. In this episode, Dr. Walker explains: Why statins are a cornerstone of…
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Send us a text Join us for the latest episode of the World Heart Federation Podcast, hosted by WHF Senior Science Advisor, Pablo Perel. This time, we welcome Professor David Wood, a global leader in cardiovascular prevention, to discuss the groundbreaking and recently published INTERASPIRE study. Discover its key findings related to the critical ga…
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In this insightful episode of Cardiovascular Matters, host Terry Roberts and renowned cardiologist Dr. Craig Walker delve into the groundbreaking technology of renal denervation and its profound implications for the treatment of hypertension. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major risk factor for a host of cardiovascular complications, in…
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In this powerful episode, host Terry Roberts sits down with Dr. Craig Walker, the founder of Cardiovascular Institute of the South, to discuss his lifelong mission to prevent unnecessary amputations for patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease and critical limb ischemia. Dr. Walker shares how he became deeply committed to this cause, rec…
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