I'm Dr. Joseph Kumka, Gastroenterology Fellow, educator, and creator of this podcasts. Whether you're a resident gearing up for the boards, a fellow diving deep into subspecialty topics, or a practicing clinician hungry for high-yield updatesβyouβre in the right place. Subscribe, engage, and let's raise the bar together.
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Abim Podcasts
"Got Knowledge Doc" Podkast with Dr. RR Baliga The "Got Knowledge Doc" Podkast, hosted by Dr. Ragavendra R. Baliga, is a knowledge-driven platform designed for physicians and healthcare providers seeking to stay at the forefront of medical science and innovation. With a distinguished career in cardiovascular medicine and academic leadership, Dr. Baliga engages with leading experts to explore cutting-edge research, emerging technologies, and transformative insights in medicine and beyond. Eac ...
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A joint project of Costs of Care and the ABIM Foundation, the Teaching Value in Health Care Learning Network is a dynamic community of medical residents, students, faculty and others who are committed to learning and teaching the principles of stewardship and high-value care. Our podcasts include conversations with leaders and innovators who are implementing successful tools and strategies in their organizations.
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The California Work Comp Report is a podcast for California workers' compensation professionals and injured workers. In a series of interviews with Dr. John Alchemy, physicians, QMEs, and other industry experts, all aspects of California workers' compensation are demystified. The series also covers current events related to workersβ compensation.
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Urolithin A: The Immune Youth Serum? β¨π§«π§β‘οΈπ§ββοΈ
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3:41𧬠Can we rejuvenate the aging immune system? A new Nature Aging trial suggests we might be closer than we thought. In 50 healthy adults aged 45β70, urolithin Aβa mitophagy activatorβimproved immune fitness over just 28 days: β
β naΓ―ve CD8βΊ T cells β
β exhaustion markers (TOX) β
β mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1Ξ±) β
β fatty-acid oxidation capacity β
β¦
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Short DAPT Wins, Ultra-Short Fails π«1οΈβ£β
3οΈβ£ Stratified Strategy From HOST-BR
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3:49
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3:49π« Personalizing DAPT: When "One Size Fits All" Fails ποΈπ The HOST-BR trial in The Lancet offers an important clinical lesson: Bleeding risk should guide antiplatelet duration after PCI β not habit, not inertia. π Key insight In ARC-HBR patients, 1-month DAPT was not non-inferior to 3 months In non-HBR patients, 3-month DAPT was non-inferior to 12 mβ¦
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Beyond CPAP, Beyond Weight, ππ¨β¨: Sultiame Steps Into OSA Therapy π¬οΈππ
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6:10π¨ New Pharmacotherapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ππ In a landmark Phase 2 trial published in The Lancet, sultiameβ a carbonic anhydrase inhibitorβshowed dose-dependent reduction in AHI and improved nocturnal oxygenation in adults with moderateβsevere OSA. π‘ Key insights: β’ 298 participants across 5 European countries β’ 200 mg daily delivered the β¦
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π Who Gets Aspirin? Risk Rules Rewritten!
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4:19
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4:19π’ New Study Alert π©Ίπ In JAMA Internal Medicine, a national analysis reveals that using the PREVENT risk calculator (vs Pooled Cohort Equations) dramatically reduces the number of U.S. adults aged 40β59 eligible for aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Among 7.6 million current aspirin users, >96% wouldn't qualify by PREVENT π€―. Tβ¦
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πͺ Double Trouble or Dual Protection? πππ‘οΈ Ticagrelor and Aspirin After CABGβWhat Did We Learn?
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4:14
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4:14π§ TACSI Trial in NEJM (Sep 2025) challenges the status quo on dual antiplatelet therapy after CABG for ACS! π¨ββοΈ 2201 patients across 5 Nordic countries π Ticagrelor + Aspirin β better outcomes vs Aspirin alone π No reduction in death, MI, stroke, or revascularization π©Έ But bleeding (4.9% vs 2.0%) & dyspnea (18.2% vs 6.4%) increased π Guidelines maβ¦
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π― Early Aspirin Withdrawal After PCI in ACS is Risky?
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4:55π§ͺ NEO-MINDSET Trial π§π· published in NEJM asks: Can we safely drop aspirin early after PCI in acute coronary syndromes (ACS)? π Monotherapy with ticagrelor/prasugrel reduced bleeding π©Έ but increased early ischemic events π₯ vs dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). β Noninferiority for major adverse cardiovascular events was not met. π DAPT still stands tβ¦
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π§ Precision, Prevention, Progress: Low-Dose Aspirin for PI3K-Altered Localized Colorectal Cancer
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6:31π¨ New in NEJM β The ALASCCA Trial 𧬠Low-dose aspirin (160 mg/day) reduced colorectal cancer recurrence in patients with PIK3CA, PIK3R1, or PTEN mutations π― β
3-year recurrence: 7.7% (aspirin) vs 14β17% (placebo) β
Group A HR: 0.49 | Group B HR: 0.42 β
NNT as low as 6 in stage III rectal cancer π₯ β οΈ Slight increase in adverse events π§ Editorial callβ¦
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π₯ Modern PCI, π« MI Managed, π Aspirin Dropped Early, π Bleeds Reduced
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3:56π‘ TARGET-FIRST trial (NEJM, Aug 2025) shows that in low-risk AMI patients post-PCI with complete revascularization, stopping aspirin after 1 month and continuing P2Y12 monotherapy is noninferior to dual antiplatelet therapyβwith 54% fewer bleeding events π©Έππ βοΈ A modern, patient-tailored antiplatelet strategyβbacked by potent P2Y12 inhibitors and sβ¦
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Dr RR Baliga's Philosophical Discourses: RenΓ© Descartes (France, 1596β1650 CE) β Founder of Modern Western Philosophy
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4:36π‘ "Cogito, ergo sum" β I think, therefore I am. RenΓ© Descartes laid the foundation of modern Western philosophy and scientific reasoning, linking algebra to geometry, and mind to body. π§ π His legacy reminds healthcare professionals to unite reason with compassion β science with soul. β€οΈβοΈBy MasterMedFacts LLC
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1. ππ©ΈβοΈ Aspirin, Anticoagulants & Harm: Rethinking Dual Therapy in Stable CAD
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4:23
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4:23ππ« Aspirin in the Crosshairs? The AQUATIC Trial (NEJM, Aug 2025) raises sharp questions on dual-pathway therapy in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients already on long-term anticoagulation. π Adding aspirin led to: β’ β Ischemic events (HR 1.53; P=0.02) β’ β Mortality (HR 1.72; P=0.01) β’ β Major bleeding (HR 3.35; P) π§ Takeaway: More isn't alwaysβ¦
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π¦§π₯π§ Lead, Language & Legacy: How Lead Shaped Human Evolution
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3:13π§ π₯ Could lead poisoning have helped shape human evolution? A bold new hypothesis suggests that Homo sapiens may have survived while Neanderthals and Denisovans vanishedβthanks to genetic defenses against environmental lead. 𧬠By analyzing fossil teeth π¦· and testing brain organoids π§ͺ, researchers found that ancient lead exposure disrupted key languaβ¦
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𧬠How HMGN1 Gene Hijacks the Heart in Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) β€οΈπ«π
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3:46π¨ New in Nature π§¬: Groundbreaking study reveals how HMGN1, a dosage-sensitive epigenetic regulator on chromosome 21, reprograms atrioventricular cardiomyocytes into a ventricular fateβdriving congenital heart defects in Down syndrome ππ«. Using hiPSCs, single-cell RNA sequencing, and a CRISPRa CROP-seq screen, researchers pinpoint HMGN1 as a causal β¦
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π§― No Smoke, Still Fire β Rethinking Lung Cancer in Never-Smokers
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5:28π Lung Cancer in Nonsmokers β a hidden epidemic affecting up to 20% of global cases π. Unlike tobacco-related disease, this form often strikes younger, female, and Asian populations, with EGFR and ALK mutations driving tumors π¬. Despite low mutation burden and no smoking history, these patients benefit immensely from targeted therapies like osimertβ¦
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π₯Ύ4000 Steps, 2 Days a week, 1 Big Difference
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4:08π Just 2 Days Can Make a Difference! π§π In a large cohort of 13,547 older women (mean age 72), walking β₯4,000 steps/day on even 1β2 days/week was linked to a 26% lower mortality and 27% lower cardiovascular disease risk π₯. Those walking β₯3 days/week had even greater benefits! π Higher step thresholds (up to 7,000/day) showed further mortality reducβ¦
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π§ Macrophages Lost, π Capillaries Impaired, π Aging Accelerated
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4:11π§ Aging skin, fading flow. This 2025 Nature study uncovers how dermal capillary-associated macrophages (CAMs) decline with ageβpreceding microvascular dysfunction and impaired blood flow. 𧬠Using intravital imaging and macrophage fate mapping in mice (and validating in humans!), the authors reveal that CAMs are not replenished unless triggered by iβ¦
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SELECT TRIAL: Semaglutide, Central Fat, and Cardioprotection π§ͺπΉπ‘οΈ
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6:44
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6:44π«π Published in The Lancet (Oct 22, 2025): SELECT trial investigators report that semaglutide reduced MACE by 20% in patients with obesity but without diabetesβindependent of weight loss. Waist circumference, not weight, tracked with outcomes, yet explained only 33% of the benefit. This landmark analysis redefines GLP-1RAs as disease-modifying agenβ¦
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"Rootsβ―&β―Remedies π±π‘: Women's Hair Loss Uncovered
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6:59
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6:59Hair Loss in Women" (The New England Journal of Medicine 2025; DOI 10.1056/NEJMcp2412146) π, and it's a mustβlisten for anyone in clinical practice or research. The piece highlights that femaleβpattern hair loss increases with age and is closely tied to hormonal status, and that treatments span from topical 5% minoxidil or lowβdose oral minoxidil tβ¦
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π§ πβοΈ "Mood, Metabolism, and Meds: Decoding Antidepressant Side Effects"
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4:52π New in The Lancet! A massive network meta-analysis of 94 RCTs (105,435 patients) reveals that antidepressants impact far more than mood π§ βthey alter weight βοΈ, glucose π©Έ, BP π, lipids π§¬, and liver enzymes π§ͺ. Agomelatine π may lower weight, while nortriptyline π raises heart rate. Time to rethink side-effect profiles when prescribing! π Pills, Preβ¦
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Genome, Gender, and Her Burden of Blue: The Genetics of Depression
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7:40𧬠Her Genes, His Risk, Our Mind π‘ New insights from Thomas et al., Nature Communications (2025) β summarized beautifully by Na Cai in Nature News & Views. Women carry a heavier polygenic burden for major depressive disorder (MDD), with ~6,000 female-specific variants and stronger genetic links to metabolic traits like BMI and metabolic syndrome. π§ β¦
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π¦· "Mouth to Myocardium to Mortality: How Oral Bacteria Hijack the Heart"
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4:33π¦·π« New Findings Linking Oral Health to Heart Attacks! π§¬π§« Groundbreaking research in JAHA reveals that viridans streptococci, common oral bacteria, form biofilms in atherosclerotic plaques that evade immune detection. These stealthy invaders trigger innate and adaptive immune responses, correlating with plaque rupture, myocardial infarction, and sudβ¦
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Why Alzheimer Hits Women Harder: 𧬠From APOE4 to Estradiol
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4:23
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4:23π§ Why Does Alzheimer's Affect More Women Than Men? New insights from JAMA Medical News reveal that the answer goes far beyond longevity. πΈ Biology, hormones, and even social factors intertwine β from estrogen decline and X chromosome genetics to APOE4 risks and underdiagnosis due to stronger verbal memory. Women make up two-thirds of all Alzheimer'β¦
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π From Dizzy to Steady: Time Restricted Eating Tames Tachycardia, Tunes Mitochondria, and Lifts Mood
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4:58
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4:58π¨ New Study Alert π Can when you eat improve how you feel? This open-label pilot study shows that Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) β limiting food intake to an 8β10 hour window β significantly improved: β
Quality of Life (β SF-36 & β MAPS scores) β
Orthostatic Heart Rate (β by 11 bpm, p β
Mitochondrial ATP production (β, p TRE may offer a safe, feasiblβ¦
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Dr RR Baliga's Philosophical Discourses: Guru Nanak (India, 1469β1539 CE) β Founder of Sikhism
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3:32π Guru Nanak (1469β1539 CE): The Voice of Oneness & Compassion π From Ik Onkar (One God) to Seva (selfless service), Guru Nanak's message transcends faith β reminding us that true spirituality lies in equality, honesty, and compassion. ποΈ His principles β Naam Japo (meditate), Kirat Karo (work honestly), Vand Shhako (share with others) β continue tβ¦
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π Low Risk β No Risk: CAC π§ Adds Predictive Power
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5:24π¨ New Study Alert π©Ί Think you're low-risk? Think again. This MESA study shows that even "low-risk" individuals may harbor hidden coronary artery calcium (CAC) β and it matters. π Adding CAC scoring significantly improved ASCVD risk prediction, reclassifying up to 18% into statin-eligible groups. π§ Implication? Precision prevention may start with a β¦
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𧬠Aging Hearts, Arrested Cells: The Cellular Villain in CardioVascular Aging π«
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7:15
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7:15𧬠Cellular senescence is more than just a marker of aging β it's a key driver of β€οΈ cardiovascular disease. From the p53/p21 and p16/Rb axes to mTOR, SIRT1/6, NF-ΞΊB, and ROS/DDR, these molecular pathways halt cell division, fuel inflammation π₯, and impair cardiac repair. Emerging data spotlight the roles of π£ SASP, π§ senescent MSCs, and π― microRNAsβ¦
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Leveraging Opportunistic CAC Detection from Routine Chest CT: βοΈ From Pixels to Prevention πβ€οΈ
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5:14π¨ Hidden heart risks in plain sight? π«π©» The latest AHA Scientific Statement unveils the power of opportunistic coronary artery calcium (CAC) detection on routine noncardiac chest CTs. With AI-driven automation, we can now detect subclinical atherosclerosis, improve preventive therapy, and bridge disparitiesβall without additional imaging or cost. π‘β¦
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π Retinas, Wrists & Risks: The Injury Epidemic in Pickleball
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6:16π¨ Pickleball's Popularity Comes at a Price πΎποΈ As the fastest-growing sport in the U.S. hits 20M players, injuriesβespecially eye and orthopedicβare rising sharply π. New data from JAMA Ophthalmology and JAMA News & Analysis reveal alarming trends: retinal detachments, fractures, falls, and moreβmostly in players over 50 π΅π§. Time to talk preventionβ¦
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𧬠New insights from Nature Medicine! Researchers reveal that obesity caused by MC4R deficiency β the most common monogenic form β is paradoxically linked to lower LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure π‘. Despite severe obesity, these individuals show a "metabolically healthier" profile, likely due to altered central melanocortin signalβ¦
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β‘ From Sample to Sequence to Solution Revolutionizing NICU Care with Same-Day Whole Genome Sequencing
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4:20πΌ Game-changer in the NICU! Same-day genome sequencing using Sequencing by Expansion (SBX) delivered actionable results in under 7 hours for critically ill infants π§¬β±οΈ. Two life-altering diagnosesβincluding KCNQ2-related epilepsyβwere identified faster than any existing rapid test. Published in The New England Journal of Medicine π°. Precision care,β¦
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Desi Vessels, Dense Plaques, Diagnostic Gaps π©»π§±π Redefining Subclinical Atherosclerosis in South Asians
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8:23π©Ί Desi Hearts, Hidden Plaques, Bold Truths ππ«π In the Atherosclerosis journal, Manubolu et al. use AI-powered CCTA to expose an alarming reality: 𧬠Young South Asians have high-risk plaqueβeven when CAC = 0. π Risk scores fail to capture this. πΈ CCTA sees what traditional tools miss. It's time to personalize prevention for Desi hearts. #CCTA #DesiHβ¦
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Micro Detritus, Macro Damage, Global Dilemma ππ§¬π
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6:21Microplastics β once dismissed as environmental debris β are now being found in the brain, placenta, heart, and bloodstream. π§ π«πΆ Recent JAMA (2025) and NEJM (2024) studies link them to inflammation, oxidative stress, and higher cardiovascular risk. β οΈ From beer to baby bottles, no corner of modern life is untouched. πΊπΌ It's time for urgent global aβ¦
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β οΈ Belly Fat & Broken Hearts: The Adipokine Hypothesis of HFpEF
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4:24π¬ New paradigm for HFpEF! π§ The Adipokine Hypothesis reframes preserved EF heart failure as an endocrine disorder driven by dysfunctional visceral fat. π« Adipokines like leptin, aldosterone & neprilysin disrupt volume, inflammation & fibrosis. Target the fat β‘οΈ fix the heart! π‘ π JACC 2025 | Milton Packer MD #HFpEF #Cardiology #Adipokines #Visceralβ¦
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π§ New study in Nature Medicine links shingles (herpes zoster) to increased dementia risk β but there's hope! π Adults β₯50 who received zoster vaccines (ZVL or RZV) had significantly lower dementia rates π. Especially protective in older women π΅. Evidence mounts for VZV reactivation as a modifiable risk factor for neurodegeneration π§¬π‘οΈ. π Read more:β¦
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π§© Matching RCTs to Reality: The Impella Data from Japan
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6:14π¨ Real-World vs RCT? Only 1 in 3 patients with AMI-related cardiogenic shock in Japan met the π¬ DanGer trial criteria for Impella use. The J-PVAD registry (π―π΅, n=3975) reveals a stark βοΈ reality: eligibility matters, and survival varies! π« Time to align practice with precision. π Read the full European Heart Journal study for clinical pearls and caβ¦
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π Learn. Use. Lead. A Clinician's Guide to the GenAI Frontier
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5:11π¨ New Era in Medicine! π©Ίπ€ JAMA Internal Medicine highlights how Generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping clinical workflowsβfrom AI scribes π to diagnostic copilots π§ . Physicians must prompt wisely, partner smartly, and practice responsibly. A must-read to stay ahead! π‘π #GenerativeAI #DigitalHealth #MedicalEducation #JAMA π https://jamanetwork.com/journβ¦
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π₯βοΈπ§« Immunity Meets Metabolism: The Fat-Absorption Trifecta
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5:11π§ β¨ New Science Perspective unpacks a "tripartite alliance" between TH17 cells, IL-22 cytokine signaling, and enterocytes in regulating fat absorption! π₯π§« Loss of Aster-A in T cells boosts IL-22, suppressing intestinal lipid uptakeβa striking example of immune-metabolic crosstalk with implications for obesity and malabsorption. π¬π‘οΈ π Science, Oct 20β¦
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Dr RR Baliga's Philosophical Discourses: Tulsidas (India, 1532β1623 CE) β Author of Ramcharitmanas
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5:25πΈ Tulsidas (1511β1623 CE): India's Poet of Devotion and Duty β¨ Bridging East and West, Tulsidas transformed spiritual thought much like Dante, Milton, and Luther did in Europe. His Ramcharitmanas made divine wisdom accessible to all, blending poetry, psychology, and ethics. π A timeless voice for compassion, virtue, and inner transformation β reminβ¦
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Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) Treatment Protocol 1.0 Purpose and Scope This protocol establishes a standardized, evidence-based framework for the diagnosis and management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Its strategic importance lies in unifying our clinical approach to improve patient outcomes, reduce the incidence of recurrβ¦
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Delay, Dose, Duration β³: The Triple Threat of LDL-C | Atherosclerosis doesn't just depend on how high, but also how long and how late.
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9:35π§¬π How long is too long to wait on statins? Two new studies reveal a powerful truth: β³ It's not just how high your LDL isβbut how long you've had it. π» Delayed statin initiation (β° >6 months) after detecting high LDL-C is linked with increased risk of MI and stroke. π Enter "Cholesterol-Years"βa concept akin to pack-years for smoking: the longer thβ¦
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Biomarkers, Big Data & Biology: Mapping the Plasma Proteome Across 59 Diseases
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2:57𧬠New Era in Blood-Based Biomarkers! π©Έ A pan-disease atlas of the circulating proteome across 59 diseases and 8,262 individuals reveals powerful insights into age, sex, BMI, and disease-specific protein signatures. π‘ Highlights: πΉ Over 5,400 proteins profiled using Olink πΉ Longitudinal stability of wellness proteome πΉ Machine learning predicts biolβ¦
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Ultraprocessed Foods (UPFs): π₯€Processed, Packaged, Perilous?
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5:53π£ New in NEJM: Ultraprocessed Food on an Ultrafast Track π₯«β‘οΈ Are ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) really the villains of modern nutrition? π€ This thought-provoking piece critiques the Nova classification system π§π and urges caution before reshaping national dietary policy around it. From π glycemic spikes to π§ͺ questionable additives, the debate is rich β¦
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𧬠The Double-Edged Blade of Antithrombotic Therapy in LVADs
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5:22π« New insights from EUROMACS registry! The latest JACC study explores the delicate βοΈ trade-off between bleeding π©Έ and ischemic π§ events in LVAD patients. While HM3 reduces thrombotic risks, bleeding remains the dominant threat. Time to rethink the "one-size-fits-all" anticoagulation π§ͺ. Personalized strategies like LD-DOACs & lower INR targets may β¦
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MGUS Under the Microscope π¬: From Screening to Significance π¨
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4:31𧬠New NEJM Review Alert! MGUS β once "undetermined," now clinically significant. This comprehensive update by Rajkumar & Kumar reveals how asymptomatic plasma clones may drive renal (MGRS) and neurologic (MGNS) damage π§ π©Ί even without cancer. π¬ Dive into new diagnostic pathways, risk models (iSTOPMM), and why "watch and wait" no longer fits for all.β¦
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πBaxdrostat, Blood Pressure, Breakthrough! New Hope for Uncontrolled Hypertension
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5:12π¨ New NEJM Study Alert! π§¬π Baxdrostat, a selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor, shows significant BP reduction in patients with resistant & uncontrolled hypertension despite RAAS blockade and diuretic therapy. β
SBP β ~9β10 mmHg at 12 weeks π§ Targets salt-retaining physiology βοΈ Well-tolerated: early mild hyperkalemia & hyponatremia π Durable efβ¦
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π Vulnerable Hearts. β οΈ Hidden Risks. βοΈ Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
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5:39π¨ New insights from the SCD-PROTECT Study! π« In a nationwide German cohort of 19,598 patients with newly diagnosed NICM or MI/CAD, early use of the Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (WCD) offered critical protection during the high-risk window of guideline-directed therapy initiation. π Most shocks occurred in the first 200 days π >50% improved Lβ¦
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Hypothyroidism: Slowed Metabolism π’, Silent Symptoms π€«, Serious Risks β οΈ
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9:03π’ New JAMA Review Alert! π¦ Hypothyroidism remains a silent disruptor of health β often underrecognized, yet linked with fatigue π΄, weight gain βοΈ, cardiovascular disease β€οΈ, and reproductive health challenges π€°. This latest JAMA clinical review underscores: β
Autoimmunity (Hashimoto thyroiditis) as the leading cause β
Lifelong levothyroxine π as fiβ¦
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π² Wearables Speak: A Minute of Vigrous Activity Is Worth an Hour of Light Physical Activity
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6:48πΆββοΈπββοΈβ±οΈ Not all movement minutes are created equal! A major Nature Communications study using data from 73,000+ UK Biobank participants wearing accelerometers found: 1 minute of vigorous activity (VPA) = up to 9 mins moderate (MPA) or 94+ mins light (LPA) for reducing mortality, CVD, diabetes, and cancer risk. This rewrites the old 1:2 rule and β¦
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Hippocampus: Ripples π, Riddles π€, Revelations β¨
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5:56Hidden Horns π, Silent Signals β‘, New Memories π§ A new Science review reframes the hippocampus beyond the classic trisynaptic loop. Once-overlooked regions like CA2, fasciola cinereum, and indusium griseum β along with enigmatic signals such as small irregular activity (SIA) and dentate spikes (DS) β emerge as crucial for social memory, novelty detβ¦
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π§ Mapping the Large Vessel Vasculitis Landscape: Imaging, Immunity & Inflammation πΈπ¦ πΊοΈ
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4:34π¨ Just read the latest Lancet 2025 Seminar on Large-Vessel Vasculitis β a must-read for anyone tracking π Giant Cell Arteritis, π₯ Takayasu Arteritis, and 𧬠Isolated Aortitis. From π clinical phenotypes to π§ imaging advances and π― targeted biologics like tocilizumab and JAK inhibitors, this article bridges inflammation with innovation. πΈ Vascular imβ¦
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π§ͺ Gut Check: Sweeteners, Bugs & Body Weight
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6:44π¬ Can sweeteners help you stay slim? A new 1-year multicenter RCT in Nature Metabolism shows that replacing sugar with sweeteners & sweetness enhancers supports modest weight loss maintenance βοΈ and beneficial gut microbiota shifts π¦ βwith no adverse cardiometabolic effects π. π« Less sugar, βοΈ better weight control, 𧬠smarter microbiota. The future β¦
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